Akonadi/zh-cn: Difference between revisions

    From KDE UserBase Wiki
    (Updating to match new version of source page)
    (Updating to match new version of source page)
     
    (10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
    Line 1: Line 1:
    <languages />
    <languages />


    <span id="Introduction"></span>
    ==介绍==
    ==介绍==


    <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    '''Akonadi''' 框架为应用程序提供中心数据库来统一保存、索引和获取用户的个人信息。这包括邮件、联系人、日历、事件、日志、闹钟和笔记等。在 SC 4.4 中, [[Special:myLanguage/KAddressBook|KAddressBook]] 成为首个使用 '''Akonadi''' 框架的程序。在 SC 4.7 中,  
    '''Akonadi''' 框架为应用程序提供中心数据库来统一保存、索引和获取用户的个人信息。这包括邮件、联系人、日历、事件、日志、闹钟和笔记等。在 SC 4.4 中, [[Special:myLanguage/KAddressBook|KAddressBook]] 成为首个使用 '''Akonadi''' 框架的程序。在 SC 4.7 中,  
    [[Special:myLanguage/KMail|KMail]], [[Special:myLanguage/KOrganizer|KOrganizer]], [[Special:myLanguage/KJots|KJots]]等也开始更新使用 '''Akonadi''' 。此外,一些 '''等离子''' 部件也使用 '''Akonadi''' 保存和获取日历事件、笔记等。
    [[Special:myLanguage/KMail|KMail]], [[Special:myLanguage/KOrganizer|KOrganizer]], [[Special:myLanguage/KJots|KJots]]等也开始更新使用 '''Akonadi''' 。此外,一些 '''等离子''' 部件也使用 '''Akonadi''' 保存和获取日历事件、笔记等。
    </div>


    在当前,下面的应用程序能够使用'''Akonadi'''框架集中存储和访问用户数据。进入它们的页面可以了解更多信息。
    Currently, all [https://kontact.kde.org/ KDE PIM applications] with the exception of [[Special:myLanguage/Akregator|Akregator]] are using '''Akonadi''' to access user's PIM data.
    <span id="ApplicationTable"></span>
    :{|
    {{AppItem|KMail|View-pim-mail.png|
    KMail}}邮件客户端
    使用 '''Akonadi''' 保存邮件
    |-
    {{AppItem|KAddressBook|View-pim-contacts.png|
    KAddressBook}}联系人管理器
    使用 '''Akonadi''' 存储联系人信息
    |-
    {{AppItem|KOrganizer|View-pim-calendar.png|
    KOrganizer}}个人管理
    使用 '''Akonadi''' 存储日历、事件、日志等。
    |-
    {{AppItem|KJots|kjots.png|
    KJots}}记事应用程序
    使用 '''Akonadi''' 存储笔记
    |-
    {{AppItem|KAlarm|kalarm.png|
    KAlarm}}个人闹钟
    使用 '''Akonadi''' 以存储闹钟
    |}


    此外,Plasma 部件,如'''数字时钟'''部件、'''笔记'''部件也使用 '''Akonadi''' 来存储和检索事件、笔记。
    <span id="Controlling_Akonadi"></span>
    <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    ==控制 Akonadi 服务器==
    </div>


    ==控制 Akonadi 服务器==
    '''Akonadi''' will start automatically in the background when any application using it is started.


    <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    To manually start, stop or restart '''Akonadi''', you can use the <code>akonadictl</code> command from the commandline.
    '''系统设置''' 中的 '''Akonadi''' 控制模块可以方便的启动、停止、重启和查询 '''Akonadi''' 服务器。同时,可以通过命令 '''akonadictl''' 在命令行中实现这些功能。
    Using this method, you can get additional useful information on the console.
    </span>


    启动 '''Akonadi''' 服务器:
    启动 '''Akonadi''' 服务器:
    Line 56: Line 39:
    ===Disabling the Akonadi subsystem===  
    ===Disabling the Akonadi subsystem===  


    The '''Akonadi''' server is started by any '''Akonadi'''-enabled application. If you don't want Akonadi to be started after login, you have to ensure that no '''Akonadi'''-enabled application is launched at login or thereafter. Remember to check '''Plasma''' widgets as well — the '''Digital Clock''' widget in the default panel, for instance uses '''Akonadi''' to (optionally) display calendar events and this is enabled in its settings by default (see the "Display Events" option) .  You must remove any widgets that may start it from your start-up, if you wish Akonadi to start only when you start '''KMail''' or other applications.
    The '''Akonadi''' server is automatically started by any '''Akonadi'''-enabled application. If you don't want Akonadi to be started after login, you have to ensure that no '''Akonadi'''-enabled application is launched at login or thereafter. Remember to check '''Plasma''' applets as well — the '''Digital Clock''' widget in the default panel, for instance uses '''Akonadi''' to (optionally) display calendar events and this is enabled in its settings by default (see the "Display Events" option) .  You must remove any widgets that may start it from your start-up, if you wish Akonadi to start only when you start '''KMail''' or other applications.


    <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    {{Remember/zh-cn|1=不运行'''Akonadi''',将无法使用任何启用了'''Akonadi'''的应用程序。即使已经禁用服务,这些应用程序会在需要时启动'''Akonadi'''。 参见 [[Special:myLanguage/Akonadi#ApplicationTable|Akonadi-enabled applications]]。同时请注意,一些 '''Plasma''' 部件,例如'''数字时钟'''也使用 '''Akonadi'''}}
    </div>


    <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    To ensure that '''Akonadi''' is not started, check that no applications require it at login. In particular, open the Plasma clock applet preferences, go to <menuchoice>Calendar</menuchoice> and uncheck <menuchoice>Show events</menuchoice> to prevent Plasma from requesting information from '''Akonadi''' and thus allowing it to start.
    {{Remember/zh-cn|1=不运行'''Akonadi''',将无法使用任何启用了'''Akonadi'''的应用程序。即使已经禁用服务,这些应用程序会在需要时启动'''Akonadi'''。 参见 [[Special:myLanguage/Akonadi#ApplicationTable|Akonadi-enabled applications]]。同时请注意,一些 '''Plasma''' 部件,例如'''数字时钟'''也使用 '''Akonadi'''}}
     
    </span>
    ==Some Definitions==
     
    ;Real data
    :By ''real data'' we mean the data, like the contacts or events. These data are stored either on a groupware server or in local files. Where exactly depends on the resource you are using. E.g. the ''Personal Contacts'' resource stores its data under ''$XDG_DATA_HOME/contacts''.
     
    ;Cached data
    :The ''cached data'' are copies of the real data that are kept in the database for faster access and offline caching. The database also keeps the ''meta data'' which are management data needed by '''Akonadi''' to work correctly.
     
    ;Configuration data
    :The ''configuration data'' are the data that configure the '''Akonadi''' server and the individual resources. The general configuration data for the server can be found under ''$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi''. The configuration data for each indvidual resources are stored under ''$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi_xyz_resourcerc#'' ('''''xyz''''' is name of resource and '''''#''''' its instance number).
     
    :The '''Akonadi''' server configuration is a couple of files in ''$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi''. It contains which data sources and helper programs are active and will be started and watched (so they can be restarted on crashes) by one of '''Akonadi's''' server processes '''(akonadi_control)'''.


    只要使用 '''Akonadi''' 的应用程序请求访问服务,'''Akonadi''' 服务器就会自动启动。
    :Each data source handler (called resources) or helper program (called agents) can have its own configuration although some agents or resources don't require configuration. The general rule is that for every entry in ''$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi/agentsrc'' there is a corresponding configuration file in ''$XDG_CONFIG_HOME''.  For example, if the ''[Instances]'' section in ''agentrc'' contains an entry for ''akonadi_ical_resource_2'', there is also a config file called ''akonadi_ical_resource_2rc'' in the ''$XDG_CONFIG_HOME directory''.


    要禁用 '''Akonadi''' 子系统,首先通过控制模块或命令行停止 Akonadi 服务器:
    :Depending on the type of data, such config files for resources will have filenames or directory names of where the data is stored.  Common locations are KDE's legacy default files, e.g. ''$HOME/.kde/share/apps/korganizer/std.ics''.  New default locations are files and directories in ''$XDG_DATA_HOME'', e.g. ''$XDG_DATA_HOME/contacts''.


    {{Input|1=akonadictl stop}}
    ==Backup==


    现在,编辑文件 <tt>~/.config/akonadi/akonadiserverrc</tt> 将 <tt>StartServer</tt> 从 true 改为 false:
    So now we need to decide what to back up.  If you want to backup the "real data", then it depends on the resources you have configured... if you use a groupware server, then the backup should be done there. For contacts, the files under ''$XDG_DATA_HOME/contacts'' will normally be what you need.


    {{Input|1=StartServer=false}}
    To back up the entire ''Akonadi'' configuration, including which resources are active and their configuration, you can use the '''pimdataexporter''' tool. This, however doesn't back up the Akonadi database containing the cached data and, unfortunately, after restoring the configuration (using the '''pimdataexporter'' again), Akonadi will have to re-fetch all data again into its cache. This can cause configuration that points to actual mail folders or calendars to get broken and accidentally point to another folder.


    <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    '''After restoring configuration and syncing all data, it's vital to manually check all folder configuration, especially in KMail identities and make sure the folders are configured properly.'''
    '''Akonadi''' 服务器就不会在登录时自动启动了。
    </span>


    <span id="Frequently_Asked_Questions"></span>
    ==常见问题==
    ==常见问题==


    <span id="Where_is_my_data_now?"></span>
    === 我现在的数据在哪? ===
    === 我现在的数据在哪? ===


    [http://blogs.kde.org/node/4503 Andras Mantia 的博客]有解释数据的存储位置以及 Akonadi 与其交互的方式。
    Your data are safely stored outside of '''Akonadi''' control on your disk (e.g. local maildir folder or iCal calendar), or on a remote server (in case of e.g. email over IMAP or events from a CalDAV calendar). '''Akonadi''' will optionally store a copy of this data in its database to allow applications to quickly retrieve and display them. Any modifications done to data in the '''Akonadi''' database will be synced to the actual storage. The main advantage of using the database as a cache is that remote PIM data are available even when you are offline, and you can still interact with them (e.g. mark emails as read or move them, create new events, reschedule existing meetings etc.) and all the changes will get synced automatically once you connect to the internet again.


    Thus, deleting the '''Akonadi''' database will not cause any data to be lost (as long as all pending changes are synced).
    === How to upgrade my PostgreSQL database? ===
    After updating your PostgreSQL server to a new major version, sometimes you will have to convert your Akonadi database for use with this new version. Instructions can be found on [[Special:myLanguage/Akonadi/Postgres_update|this page]].
    <span id="Migration_problems"></span>
    === 迁移问题 ===
    === 迁移问题 ===


    <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
    '''Akonadi'''的[[Special:myLanguage/Glossary#Akonadi|术语表]]简单描述了它的目的,包含了相关链接。[[Special:myLanguage/Akonadi_and_AddressBook|这个]]页面解释了'''Akonadi'''和'''KAddressBook'''协同工作的方式。
    '''Akonadi'''的[[Special:myLanguage/Glossary#Akonadi|术语表]]简单描述了它的目的,包含了相关链接。[[Special:myLanguage/Akonadi_and_AddressBook|这个]]页面解释了'''Akonadi'''和'''KAddressBook'''协同工作的方式。
    </div>
    === How do I switch from MySQL/PostgreSQL to SQLite? ===
    Currently, the only option is to delete all Akonadi configuration and data, configure '''Akonadi''' to use SQLite and then configure all the resources and agents from scratch. This also involves checking all application ('''KMail''', '''KOrganizer''', '''KAddressbook''', etc.) configuration, as all references to folders (like configuration of Trash or Sent folders, default calendar etc.) will most likely be wrong now.
    To perform the migration, quit all PIM applications and stop '''Akonadi''' from command line:
    {{Input|1=akonadictl stop}}


    === CPU 及内存占用 ===
    Then, delete all Akonadi-related configuration and data directories and files:


    如果在使用'''Akonadi'''和相关应用程序时,出现 ''virtuoso-t'' 100% CPU 的情况,请使用如下临时解决方案,问题原因正在调查中:在'''KRunner'''的配置页面中,禁用'''Nepomuk''' 搜索和'''联系人'''插件。然后退出并重新登录。更多信息和反馈请在这里、论坛或者 IRC 频道 #kontact 报告。
    * Delete Akonadi configuration: <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi</code>
    * Delete Akonadi database: <code>$XDG_DATA_HOME/akonadi</code>
    * Delete configuration of all Akonadi resources: <code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi*</code>
    * Delete data of all Akonadi resources: <code>$XDG_DATA_HOME/akonadi*</code>


    === 为什么使用 Akonadi  和 Nepomuk?===
    (<code>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</code> defaults to <code>$HOME/.config</code> when not set, <code>$XDG_DATA_HOME</code> defaults to <code>$HOME/.local/share</code>.)


    关于 Akonadi 和 Nepomuk 有很多误解。  [http://cmollekopf.wordpress.com/2013/02/13/kontact-nepomuk-integration-why-data-from-akonadi-is-indexed-in-nepomuk/ 为什么Akonadi的数据用Nepomuk索引]解释了为什么我们同时使用它们两个和它们各自的作用。在评论部分[http://en.opensuse.org/User:Wstephenson Will Stephenson] 还提供了更多的信息。
    Now, create a new Akonadi Server configuration file called ''akonadiserverrc'' in ''$HOME/.config/akonadi/'' with the following contents:


    == Troubleshooting ==
    <syntaxhighlight>
    [%General]
    Driver=QSQLITE
    </syntaxhighlight>


    === Can't read  any details of some messages or big delays to read it ===
    This will instruct Akonadi to use SQLite instead of the default (usually MySQL). Finally, you can start Akonadi (via ''akonadictl'' or simply by starting some Akonadi-enabled application) and update configuration of your PIM application.


    if you aren't able to read some emails and see a message with " please wait ... ", you may logout and login KDE session to reinitialize all processes, might help.
    This guide can also be used to switch to MySQL or PostgreSQL databases. To switch to MySQL put <code>Driver=QMYSQL</code> into ''akonadiserverrc''. In order to use PostgreSQL, put <code>Driver=QPSQL</code> in there.


    [[Category:系统/zh-cn]]
    [[Category:系统/zh-cn]]

    Latest revision as of 13:06, 6 December 2023

    介绍

    Akonadi 框架为应用程序提供中心数据库来统一保存、索引和获取用户的个人信息。这包括邮件、联系人、日历、事件、日志、闹钟和笔记等。在 SC 4.4 中, KAddressBook 成为首个使用 Akonadi 框架的程序。在 SC 4.7 中, KMail, KOrganizer, KJots等也开始更新使用 Akonadi 。此外,一些 等离子 部件也使用 Akonadi 保存和获取日历事件、笔记等。

    Currently, all KDE PIM applications with the exception of Akregator are using Akonadi to access user's PIM data.

    控制 Akonadi 服务器

    Akonadi will start automatically in the background when any application using it is started.

    To manually start, stop or restart Akonadi, you can use the akonadictl command from the commandline. Using this method, you can get additional useful information on the console.

    启动 Akonadi 服务器:

    akonadictl start

    停止Akonadi 服务器:

    akonadictl stop

    重新启动正在运行的 Akonadi 服务器,

    akonadictl restart

    查询 Akonadi 服务器的状态:

    akonadictl status

    Disabling the Akonadi subsystem

    The Akonadi server is automatically started by any Akonadi-enabled application. If you don't want Akonadi to be started after login, you have to ensure that no Akonadi-enabled application is launched at login or thereafter. Remember to check Plasma applets as well — the Digital Clock widget in the default panel, for instance uses Akonadi to (optionally) display calendar events and this is enabled in its settings by default (see the "Display Events" option) . You must remove any widgets that may start it from your start-up, if you wish Akonadi to start only when you start KMail or other applications.

    别忘了!

    不运行Akonadi,将无法使用任何启用了Akonadi的应用程序。即使已经禁用服务,这些应用程序会在需要时启动Akonadi。 参见 Akonadi-enabled applications。同时请注意,一些 Plasma 部件,例如数字时钟也使用 Akonadi

    To ensure that Akonadi is not started, check that no applications require it at login. In particular, open the Plasma clock applet preferences, go to Calendar and uncheck Show events to prevent Plasma from requesting information from Akonadi and thus allowing it to start.

    Some Definitions

    Real data
    By real data we mean the data, like the contacts or events. These data are stored either on a groupware server or in local files. Where exactly depends on the resource you are using. E.g. the Personal Contacts resource stores its data under $XDG_DATA_HOME/contacts.
    Cached data
    The cached data are copies of the real data that are kept in the database for faster access and offline caching. The database also keeps the meta data which are management data needed by Akonadi to work correctly.
    Configuration data
    The configuration data are the data that configure the Akonadi server and the individual resources. The general configuration data for the server can be found under $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi. The configuration data for each indvidual resources are stored under $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi_xyz_resourcerc# (xyz is name of resource and # its instance number).
    The Akonadi server configuration is a couple of files in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi. It contains which data sources and helper programs are active and will be started and watched (so they can be restarted on crashes) by one of Akonadi's server processes (akonadi_control).
    Each data source handler (called resources) or helper program (called agents) can have its own configuration although some agents or resources don't require configuration. The general rule is that for every entry in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi/agentsrc there is a corresponding configuration file in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME. For example, if the [Instances] section in agentrc contains an entry for akonadi_ical_resource_2, there is also a config file called akonadi_ical_resource_2rc in the $XDG_CONFIG_HOME directory.
    Depending on the type of data, such config files for resources will have filenames or directory names of where the data is stored. Common locations are KDE's legacy default files, e.g. $HOME/.kde/share/apps/korganizer/std.ics. New default locations are files and directories in $XDG_DATA_HOME, e.g. $XDG_DATA_HOME/contacts.

    Backup

    So now we need to decide what to back up. If you want to backup the "real data", then it depends on the resources you have configured... if you use a groupware server, then the backup should be done there. For contacts, the files under $XDG_DATA_HOME/contacts will normally be what you need.

    To back up the entire Akonadi configuration, including which resources are active and their configuration, you can use the pimdataexporter' tool. This, however doesn't back up the Akonadi database containing the cached data and, unfortunately, after restoring the configuration (using the pimdataexporter again), Akonadi will have to re-fetch all data again into its cache. This can cause configuration that points to actual mail folders or calendars to get broken and accidentally point to another folder.

    After restoring configuration and syncing all data, it's vital to manually check all folder configuration, especially in KMail identities and make sure the folders are configured properly.

    常见问题

    我现在的数据在哪?

    Your data are safely stored outside of Akonadi control on your disk (e.g. local maildir folder or iCal calendar), or on a remote server (in case of e.g. email over IMAP or events from a CalDAV calendar). Akonadi will optionally store a copy of this data in its database to allow applications to quickly retrieve and display them. Any modifications done to data in the Akonadi database will be synced to the actual storage. The main advantage of using the database as a cache is that remote PIM data are available even when you are offline, and you can still interact with them (e.g. mark emails as read or move them, create new events, reschedule existing meetings etc.) and all the changes will get synced automatically once you connect to the internet again.

    Thus, deleting the Akonadi database will not cause any data to be lost (as long as all pending changes are synced).

    How to upgrade my PostgreSQL database?

    After updating your PostgreSQL server to a new major version, sometimes you will have to convert your Akonadi database for use with this new version. Instructions can be found on this page.

    迁移问题

    Akonadi术语表简单描述了它的目的,包含了相关链接。这个页面解释了AkonadiKAddressBook协同工作的方式。

    How do I switch from MySQL/PostgreSQL to SQLite?

    Currently, the only option is to delete all Akonadi configuration and data, configure Akonadi to use SQLite and then configure all the resources and agents from scratch. This also involves checking all application (KMail, KOrganizer, KAddressbook, etc.) configuration, as all references to folders (like configuration of Trash or Sent folders, default calendar etc.) will most likely be wrong now.

    To perform the migration, quit all PIM applications and stop Akonadi from command line:

    akonadictl stop

    Then, delete all Akonadi-related configuration and data directories and files:

    • Delete Akonadi configuration: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi
    • Delete Akonadi database: $XDG_DATA_HOME/akonadi
    • Delete configuration of all Akonadi resources: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/akonadi*
    • Delete data of all Akonadi resources: $XDG_DATA_HOME/akonadi*

    ($XDG_CONFIG_HOME defaults to $HOME/.config when not set, $XDG_DATA_HOME defaults to $HOME/.local/share.)

    Now, create a new Akonadi Server configuration file called akonadiserverrc in $HOME/.config/akonadi/ with the following contents:

    [%General]
    Driver=QSQLITE

    This will instruct Akonadi to use SQLite instead of the default (usually MySQL). Finally, you can start Akonadi (via akonadictl or simply by starting some Akonadi-enabled application) and update configuration of your PIM application.

    This guide can also be used to switch to MySQL or PostgreSQL databases. To switch to MySQL put Driver=QMYSQL into akonadiserverrc. In order to use PostgreSQL, put Driver=QPSQL in there.