Dolphin/Dateiverwaltung

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    Dolphin oder Konqueror?

    Dolphin is the file management application of Plasma Workspace. It is designed to be simple to use, yet powerful.

    Konqueror was the default file manager in KDE 2 and 3, and is still available for those who prefer its interface. It is a web browser, a file manager, media viewer and more. For file management it uses the Dolphin KPart, and so has all of the functionality of Dolphin.

    Entdecke die Möglichkeiten

    Im ersten Abschnitt geben wir einen kurzen Überblick über Dolphin. Der zweite Abschnitt behandelt verschiedene Lesezeichen-Typen. Im dritten Abschnitt geht es um die Verwaltung von Archivdateien. Der letzte Abschnitt zeigt Ihnen ein paar besonders „coole“ Dinge. Sie können alle Bilder anklicken, um Sie vergrößert zu betrachten.

    Einführung

    Dolphin ist der Dateimanager von KDE Software Compilation (KDE SC).

    Wir zeigen hier, wie man Dolphin für allgemeine Aufgaben des Dateimanagements verwenden und das Programm an die eigenen Vorlieben und Anforderungen anpassen kann.

    Wenn Sie Dolphin mithilfe des Kickoff Menüs starten, wird das Startverzeichnis angezeigt - standardmäßig ist das Ihr Home-Verzeichnis.

    To open a file, or go to a folder just click on it. (This can be changed to double-click in System Settings -> Desktop Behavior -> Workspace or in System Settings -> Input Devices -> Mouse section for older versions of System Settings)

    Wenn du die Maus über ein Datei- oder Ordnersymbol bewegst, erscheint ein Plus- oder Minuszeichen. Wenn du auf das Pluszeichen klickst, wird die Datei der Auswahl hinzugefügt, wenn du auf das Minuszeichen klickst wird sie aus der Auswahl entfernt.

    Wenn Sie auf das Plus-Zeichen klicken, wird die Datei bzw. der Ordner zu Ihrer Auswahl hinzugefügt. Sie können mehrere Elemente auf dieselbe Weise auswählen. Das Auswählen von Dateien und Ordnern kann auch durch das Ziehen eines Rechtecks mit der Maus (manchmal auch als „Gummiband“-Methode bezeichnet) geschehen. Das Auswählen und Abwählen ist auch mit Strg + Klick für einzelne Elemente und mit Umschalt + Klick für aneinandergereihte Elemente möglich.

    Mehrere ausgewählte Elemente sehen wie folgt aus:

    Einen neuen Ordner erstellen: Sie können einen neuen Ordner im aktuellen Verzeichnis mittels Kontextmenü (Rechtsklick) → Neu → Ordner oder der Taste F10 erstellen.

    Tabs: Dolphin supports tabbed browsing. A new tab can be opened for example from File -> New Tab (if you have enabled menu bar), by Ctrl + T or by middle mouse click on folder icon and navigation buttons.

    Note

    Starting from KDE 4.7, Dolphin's menu bar is hidden, but easy to reach and restore. If you prefer menu bar to be present, you can enable it by selecting Control -> Show Menubar or pressing Ctrl + M.


    Dolphin öffnet standardmäßig, wenn Sie auf irgendeinen Ordner klicken. Das Programm kann auch vom Kickoff Menü gestartet werden.

    The Interface

    Location Bar

    Dolphin beinhaltet ein neues Konzept, mit dem die Adressleiste schneller und präziser verwendet werden kann: die „Brotkrumen“-Adressleiste. Anstatt den kompletten Pfad darzustellen, werden nur die einzelnen Navigationspunkte, beginnend von einem Ihrer Orte, als Knopf dargestellt. Durch Klicken einer dieser Knöpfe gelangen Sie direkt zu besagtem Ordner. Auf diese Art können Sie einen übergeordneten Ordner von einem Unterordner aus rasch erreichen.

    Zwischen den Knöpfen, die die Ordner widerspiegeln, befinden sich kleine Pfeile, die ebenfalls Knöpfe sind. Durch Klicken auf einen dieser Pfeile können Sie die Unterordner des jeweiligen Ordners sehen und somit schnell zu ihnen navigieren.

    Schnell zwischen Ordnern wechseln


    There is also a classical location bar which displays the complete path. To use this style you can right click on the Location Bar and select Show Full Path. If you want the Location bar to become editable, trigger the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + L or select Control -> Location Bar -> Editable Location . By clicking on the free space next to the last displayed folder in the breadcrumb style you can switch to an editable Location Bar as well. If the editable style is selected a checkmark is displayed at the end of the location bar. This checkmark is a button which can be used to change back to the breadcrumb style. Of course menu and keyboard shortcut can be used, too.

    Split View

    Dolphin offers the possibility to split the current folder view so that two folder views are displayed next to each other as known from Midnight Commander, or Krusader. This is a very comfortable view to copy or move files from one folder to another.

    You can split the view by clicking on Split in the tool bar or, if you have enabled menu bar, View -> Split (keyboard shortcut F3). To change back to only one folder view you can click on Close or just press F3 again. The symbol will show you which view will be closed. Depending on the currently active view the minus sign will be shown in the left or right part of the symbol. The active view will be closed. This is important to know if you want to use the keyboard shortcut. There is also a button for splitting and closing the view situated in the toolbar. This button displays the minus symbol as well, so it is easy to know which view would be closed.

    Selbstverständlich haben beide Seiten ihre eigene Adressleiste und beide Seiten können unterschiedliche Ansichtsmodi verwenden.

    Sorting Files

    By default, the files in the currently displayed folder are sorted in ascending alphabetical order. However, this can be changed by selecting Control -> Sort by.

    Files may be sorted by the following attributes

    • Name
    • Size
    • Date
    • Permissions
    • Owner
    • Group
    • Type
    • Link Destination
    • Path

    The sorting method can be changed by selecting Control -> Sort by -> Ascending, Control -> Sort by -> Descending or Control -> Sort by -> Folders First.


    View Mode

    Dolphin features three different folder view modes:

    • Icons shows each file or folder as an icon with its name
    • Compact is the same as icons, but in a more compact form, allowing more folders and files to be displayed at once
    • Details presents a list of files and folders, giving information on each, including but not limited to size and date

    The mode can be changed from within Dolphin

    • Select View Mode from the View menu. This option is only available if the main Menubar is enabled
    • Select View Mode from the Control menu. This option is only available when the main Menubar is disabled
    • By selecting the appropriate icon from the main toolbar, if it is enabled
    • Using the default keyboard shortcuts:
      • Ctrl+1 switches to the Icon display mode,
      • Ctrl+2 switches to Compact and,
      • Ctrl+3 switches to Detailed view.

    View as Icons

    Each file and each folder is represented by an icon in this mode. Alternatively a preview, or of the file can be displayed. Instead of displaying an icon a preview of the file can be shown. This feature can be turned on/off via the menu View -> Preview (if menu bar is enabled) or via the main toolbar button Preview.

    There is the possibility to display additional information below the icons. These can be turned on/off via Control -> Additional Information or View -> Additional Information (if menu bar is enabled). In principal the same criteria which are available as search criteria can be selected.

    You can group the icons to achieve a better overview. This is turned on via Control -> Show in Groups or View -> Show in Groups (if menu bar is enabled). Now the icons are grouped and the groups are divided by a horizontal line containing the name of the group as caption. The grouping is related to the selected search criteria.

    Details

    In view mode "Details" additional information is displayed by default in contrast to view mode "Icons". All files are listed in a tabular. The context menu of the table header offers the possibility to add additional columns. The following columns are available:

    • Size
    • Date
    • Permissions
    • Owner
    • Group
    • Type
    • Link Destination
    • Path

    Column "Name" is always displayed. By clicking on the header of one of the columns the table will be sorted by this column. By clicking on the same column header the sorting sequence is reversed.

    Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. Plus sign has been replaced by > symbol in newer KDE versions. By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which displays a minus now (or an arrow pointing downwards in latest versions), again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. In latest KDE releases, the tree view is enabled by default, but can be deactivated via Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> Details with option Expandable Folders.

    Spalten

    View mode "Columns" was inspired by the file manager Finder of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder did not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder was listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This could be used for several hierarchies, so that you could navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system. Since KDE 4.8, view mode "Columns" has been dropped and will not be available in future Dolphin releases.

    Setting defaults for all folders

    Under Control -> Adjust View Properties (or under the menu item View -> Adjust View Properties if you have enabled menu bar) you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.

    Seitenleisten

    Dolphin contains several panels, which can be activated via menu Control -> Panels. Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to unlock panels (right clik on a panel and select Unlock Panels), click on the header and Drag&Drop the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.

    In the header of each panel there are two buttons. The button near to the caption undocks the panel. This makes the panel an independent window which "floats" above Dolphin. The window is still combined with Dolphin and cannot be displayed without Dolphin and cannot for example be minimized like normal windows. By clicking the button again the panel is docked again. The second button will close the panel.

    Nicht-modale Dialogfenster

    When Moving, Copying or Deleting files/directories the dialog disappears even when the operation has not yet completed. A progress bar then appears in the bottom right of the screen, this then disappears also, if you want see the progress you need to click a small (i) information icon in the system tray.

    Warning

    New users who are not used to this way of working (and even experienced users) can get caught out by this, if you are Moving, Copying or Deleting large directories then you need to use the icon to monitor the progress of your operation. If you don't then any subsequent actions you do, may well use an incomplete file structure resulting in corrupted files. You have been warned!


    Orte

    Dolphin contains a new kind of bookmarks Places. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via Control -> Panels -> Places (keyboard shortcut F9). The default Places are identical to the ones shown in the category Computer of the K-Menu Kickoff.

    Durch Klicken einer dieser Orte wird er im aktuellen Fenster geöffnet. Das Kontextmenü bietet die Möglichkeit zum Bearbeiten und Entfernen derselben. Es ist zudem möglich, Einträge vorübergehend auszublenden.

    Das Kontextmenü eines Ordners kann verwendet werden, um diesen Ordner zu den Orten hinzuzufügen. Daher gibt es einen Menüeintrag Zu Orten hinzufügen. Sie können einen Ordner auch auf die Seitenleiste ziehen, um ihn hinzuzufügen.

    Die Orte-Seitenleiste beinhaltet auch Einträge von angeschlossenen Wechseldatenträgern, wie USB-Sticks oder CDs. Ein kleines Steckersymbol zeigt an, dass das Gerät eingehängt ist. Das Kontextmenü bietet die Möglichkeit das jeweilige Gerät auszuwerfen.

    Die Orte werden als Grundlage für die Brotkrumen-Adressleiste verwendet. Jede Adresse wird in Relation zum nächsten Ordner angezeigt, der sich in den Orten befindet.

    Informationen

    The information panel can be activated via Control -> Panels -> Information (keyboard shortcut F11). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.

    The information panel offers the possibility to rate files, add a comment or tag a file. This is one of the interfaces to the semantic Desktop Nepomuk which provides the advantages of the semantic web for the desktop. Starting from KDE 4.2 it is possible to search for the semantic links given by the tags.

    Die Informationen-Leiste

    Tip

    If you are wondering about missing mp3 ID tags (title, time ...) with some files it is most likely that ID3 Version 2 tags are missing. You can add ID3 version 2 tags with KID3 for example.


    Ordner

    A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via Control -> Panels -> Folders (keyboard shortcut F7). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the > and ˇ signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.

    Konsole

    The terminal emulator Konsole can be displayed directly in Dolphin via Control -> Panels -> Terminal (keyboard shortcut F4). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in Dolphin. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. Shift + F4 opens Konsole in new window.

    Dolphin mit aktivierter Konsole

    Navigation durch das Dateisystem

    Lesezeichen und Orte

    In KDE 3 konnte man Lesezeichen im Konqueroror erstellen, aber diese waren dann für keine andere Anwendung verfügbar. KDE SC 4 bietet hier weitreichende Flexibilität - aber leider bedeutet dies auch mehr Verwirrung. Tatsächlich gibt es in KDE SC 4 drei Arten von Lesezeichen, welche unterschieden werden müssen. Sie befinden sich in verschiedenen Dateien und haben verschiedene Aufgaben.

    KDE3 Konqueror didn't share bookmarks

    Drei Arten von Lesezeichen

    First, there is the set of bookmarks available only to Konqueror - web bookmarks. These are stored in ~/.local/share/konqueror/bookmarks.xml. Then there is a set which Dolphin calls Places. This set is available to all applications as well as the Dolphin file manager. Every time you use File -> Open you will see this set. The third set of bookmarks are Application Bookmarks. These share one file, regardless of the application that set them, and are available to all applications, unless you restrain them to a specific application. More of that later.

    Lesezeichen aktivieren

    Bookmarks are not enabled in dialogs by default. To enable them

    • Open the File menu and select Open or Save
    • Click the Options icon
    • Select Show Bookmarks
    Lesezeichen aktivieren

    „Orte“ für systemweite Navigation

    Es gibt ein paar standardmäßig eingerichtete Orte -

    Heimverzeichnis
    Netzwerk
    Wurzelverzeichnis
    Mülleimer

    aber Sie können weitere hinzufügen. Klicken Sie dazu im Dolphin mit der rechten Maustaste auf einen einen Ordner und wählen Sie Zu Orten hinzufügen oder ziehen Sie einfach einen Ordner in die Orte hinein.


    Lesezeichen zu den Orten hinzufügen


    Standardmäßig wird jener Ort in allen Anwendungen zu sehen sein. Wenn Sie einen Ort nur im Dolphin angezeigt haben möchten, klicken Sie mit der rechten Maustaste in der Orte-Leiste auf den jeweiligen Ordner und wählen Sie den Eintrag, um ihn zu bearbeiten. In dem nun öffnenden Fenster gibt es ein Kontrollkästchen für Nur in dieser Anwendung (Dolphin) anzeigen.


    Dieser Ort wird nur in Dolphin angezeigt werden


    You can see the result of that command if you read ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfileplaces/bookmarks.xml.

    In some applications too there is an option in the File menu to add a folder to Places. At this stage, however, applications vary in which features are available. The important thing to remember is that the default is for Places items to be available to all applications in the File -> Open dialogue.

    Lesezeichen in Anwendungen

    This is the second class of bookmarks. Remember opening File -> Open and using the spanner/wrench? Next to it is a yellow star. This is the bookmark management menu.


    Manage Application bookmarks here


    Here you can define bookmarks that will be visible in the same menu on any application. They are stored in one file, ~/.local/share/kfile/bookmarks.xml, which is used by all applications having that menu.

    Constraining to one application

    Some applications allow you to edit items in the Places menu. For instance, if in Gwenview you right click on a folder in Places you can set an option to Only show when using this application (Gwenview).


    Constraining a bookmark to an application


    If you need to constrain to an application that does not yet allow you to do that, the only way left is to edit the file ~/.local/share/kfile/bookmarks.xml. Immediately before the </metadata> tag you will need to add the line

    <OnlyInApp>appname</OnlyInApp>

    Archiv-Verwaltung in Dolphin

    Managing archives now becomes simple. In any directory in Dolphin, highlight the files that you want to compress, and right-click. Here, using the Compress option, you can elect to create a RAR archive, a Gzipped tar archive, or define another compression mode that you have already set up.


    Neues Archiv erstellen


    Similarly, if you right-click on an existing archived file you get a range of actions added to the right-click menu. You can extract the archive to the current folder, to an autodetected subfolder or to another place of your choosing.

    Sollten Sie weitere Dateien zu einem bereits vorhandenen Archiv hinzufügen wollen, können Sie den Eintrag Öffnen mit Ark wählen.


    Vorhandene Archive verwalten


    Weitere coole Dinge

    Change a File Association on-the-fly

    Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice?

    You can, for one, alter this in Kickoff -> Computer -> System Settings -> Common Appearance and Behavior -> File Associations . This is the same as running kcmshell5 filetypes in a Konsole.

    Alternatively, if you want to change multiple associations right quick, you would edit the *.desktop file directly, e.g. the file /usr/share/applications/org.gnome.Builder.desktop . For example, Gnome Builder associates with a great number of file-types which may not be desirable. So the line

       MimeType=application/javascript;   # we do not want all of these ....
    

    may be shortened or commented out with # . Maybe a line

       InitialPreference=2
       X-KDE-InitialPreference=3
    
    

    in the builder.desktop file helps to keep your previous default associated app, with builder being only secondary or tertiary option.

    Thirdly, Dolphin and Konqueror offer a quick method for changing a single association:

    Right-click on the file and select Properties. The first line there is descriptive, something like:

    Type: XML document

    At the same level, on the right, there is a spanner (wrench). Click on that and you can add or change an association.

    Similarly, by working on a folder, you can change the default file manager to/from Konqueror, if you choose, or add another image browser to the possible associations.

    Das Untermenü „Aufgaben“

    The Actions sub-menu opens up a whole lot more cool things to do from Dolphin. Some possibilities only appear when applicable to the file you have selected. An apps .desktop file below /usr/share/applications defines what actions are applicable for a particular type of file. Some of the options are

    • Convert an image file to a different format
    • Preview the file
    • Download a remote file with KGet
    • Sign and/or encrypt the file, according to the encryption software installed

    Audio-CD-Stücke kodieren und kopieren

    • Legen Sie eine Audio-CD ein
    • Navigieren Sie zu dieser CD im Dolphin: sie wird als „Laufwerk“ in Ihren Dolphin-„Orten“ auftauchen. Sie können Sie alternativ erreichen, indem Sie „audiocd:/“ in die Adressleiste eingeben.


    Dolphin zeigt den Inhalt einer Audio-CD


    Man kann sehen, dass Dolphin für jedes Stück eine WAV-Datei bereithält sowie:

    • einen CDA-Ordner, der die Index-Informationen im üblichen CDA-Format enthält,
    • einen „Komplette CD“-Ordner, in dem eine Datei jeden Formates (.cda, .flac, .mp3, .ogg, .wav) ist, die alle Stücke beinhaltet,
    • einen FLAC-Ordner, der alle Stücke im FLAC-Format beinhaltet (Verlustfreies Format),
    • einen Informations-Ordner, der die CDDB-Informationen enthält,
    • einen MP3-Ordner, in dem sich die Stücke im MP3-Format befinden,
    • einen Ogg-Vorbis-Ordner, der die Stücke im OGG-Format enthält.

    Sie müssen dann nur noch den Ordner Ihrer Wahl im bevorzugten Format irgendwohin kopieren, um die konvertierte Variante Ihrer CD zu erhalten!


    timeline:/ and have your recent files as startup folder

    Have your recent files always in Dolphin

    In a current (2017, Version 16.08.3 of) dolphin (with baloo up and running), you can start up dolphin with a view of recently modified files: Just navigate to the address/location of timeline:/today/ (copy paste it to the address bar) or use it as dolphin start-up-folder in dolphin-settings. With older versions of dolphin, this required the below manual steps:

    Dolphin has access to a large number of file transfer protocols (KIO Slaves). One of those is provided by the KDE semantic search system (Nepomuk). Nepomuk offers a transfer protocol named history. You can navigate to it by entering timeline:/ in the location bar.

    One particularly neat thing there is the ability to have the Today folder from the timeline:/ protocol in the Places sidebar (you can just drag it there!). You can then change the name and icon (do a right click on the new Today entry and choose Edit entry Today...).

    It could be very useful to have this view of recently used files immediately when you start Dolphin. Unfortunately, as of Dolphin 2.1 (part of KDE SC 4.9) this is not possible without editing the Dolphin configuration file. See this blog for more details on that.

    To edit the configuration file, first close all Dolphin windows. Dolphin will save its configuration upon closing, overwriting any changes you might make!

    Then use KRunner (Alt + F2) to edit ~/.config/dolphinrc with KWrite as follows: kwrite ~/.config/dolphinrc. You can of course use any other editor as well, like Kate. In the configuration file, locate the [General] section to edit the HomeUrl into: HomeUrl=timeline:/today and save the file. You should now have the today view as default and have the files you're most often looking for at your fingertips!

    Externe Links