Dolphin/File Management/ru: Difference between revisions

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    Данное руководство описывает '''Dolphin''' для KDE SC 4.  '''Konqueror''' был стандартным файловым менеджером в KDE 2 и 3.  Вы также можете использовать ''Konqueror''' в качестве стандартного файлового менеджера в KDE SC 4. Чтобы сделать это (начиная с KDE SC 4.2) откройте '''Параметры системы''' и перейдите в модуль <menuchoice>Приложения по умолчанию</menuchoice>.  Вы можете выбрать '''Konqueror''' или ряд других приложений для использования в качестве файлового менеджера по умолчанию.   
    Данное руководство описывает '''Dolphin''' для KDE SC 4.  '''Konqueror''' был стандартным файловым менеджером в KDE 2 и 3.  Вы также можете использовать ''Konqueror''' в качестве стандартного файлового менеджера в KDE SC 4. Чтобы сделать это (начиная с KDE SC 4.2) откройте '''Параметры системы''' и перейдите в модуль <menuchoice>Приложения по умолчанию</menuchoice>.  Вы можете выбрать '''Konqueror''' или ряд других приложений для использования в качестве файлового менеджера по умолчанию.   


    ===Introduction to Dolphin===
    ===Введение в Dolphin===


    '''Dolphin''' is the file manager of the KDE Software Compilation.
    '''Dolphin''' файловый менеджер Программного обеспечения KDE.


    I'll show how to use '''Dolphin''' for common file managing tasks, and how to customize it to your needs.
    Я покажу вам, как использовать '''Dolphin''' для общих задач по управлению файлами и как настраивать его для ваших нужд.




    [[Image:Dolphin default.png|thumb|240px|center]]
    [[Image:Dolphin_Plasma5_thumbnail.png|thumb|240px|center]]




    When we open the '''Dolphin''' from the [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|Kickoff menu]] it shows your starting directory - by default it is your [[Special:myLanguage/Glossary#Home_Directory|Home directory]].
    Когда мы открыли '''Dolphin''' из [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|меню Kickoff]] он отобразил ваш начальный каталог - по умолчанию ваша это ваша [[Special:myLanguage/Glossary#Home_Directory|Домашняя папка]].


    To open a file, or go to a folder just click on it. (This can be changed to double-click in <menuchoice>System Settings -> Computer Administration -> Keyboard & Mouse</menuchoice>, if you prefer itSome distributions set double-click as the default.) In KDE 4.5 this becomes <menuchoice>System Settings -> Hardware Section -> Input Devices -> Mouse section</menuchoice>
    Просто щёлкните, чтобы открыть файл или папку. (Это может быть изменено на двойной клик в <menuchoice>Параметры -> Администрирование компьютера -> Клавиатура и Мышь</menuchoice>, по желаниюНекоторые дистрибутивы устанавливают двойной клик по умолчанию.) в KDE 4.5 это находится в <menuchoice>Параметры системы -> Оборудование -> Устройстива ввода -> Мышь</menuchoice>


    To select and deselect files and folders hover mouse cursor above icon and click the emerging plus sign to select and minus sign to deselect. Like this:
    Чтобы выделить или отменить выделение файлов и папок переместите указатель мыши над значком и щелкните на знаки плюс и минус соответственно. Как тут:




    [[Image:Dolphin folder hovered.png|thumb|240px|center]]
    [[Image:Dolphin folder hover.png|thumb|240px|center]]




    When you click the plus-sign, this file or folder will be added to your selection. You can select multiple files in the same way. Selection can be done also by dragging a rectangle (sometimes called the "rubber band" method), and selection and deselection with <keycap>Ctrl + click</keycap> for one at a time and <keycap>Shift + click</keycap> for a consecutive range.
    Когда вы щелкните на знак плюса, файл или папка будут добавлены выделенному. Выбор можно сделать также путем перетаскивания прямоугольника (иногда называемый "резинкой"), а также выбрать и отменить с помощью <keycap>Ctrl + щелчок</keycap> по одному и <keycap>Shift + щелчок</keycap> для последовательного диапазона.


    Many selected files looks like this:
    Многие выделенные файлы выглядит следующим образом:




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    '''Creating a new folder''': You can create a new folder in the active directory using <menuchoice>context (right-click) menu -> Create new</menuchoice> or the <keycap>F10</keycap> shortcut.
    '''Создание новой папки''': Вы можете создать новую папку в активном каталоге, используя <menuchoice>контекстное меню -> Создать</menuchoice> или комбинацию <keycap>F10</keycap>.


    ''Tabs'': '''Dolphin''' supports tabbed browsing. A new tab can be opened for example from <menuchoice>File -> New Tab</menuchoice>, by <keycap>Ctrl + T</keycap> or by middle mouse click on folder icon and navigation buttons.
    ''Tabs'': '''Dolphin''' supports tabbed browsing. A new tab can be opened for example from <menuchoice>File -> New Tab</menuchoice> (if you have enabled menu bar), by <keycap>Ctrl + T</keycap> or by middle mouse click on folder icon and navigation buttons.


    '''Dolphin''' opens by default when we click on any folder. It can also be started from [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|Kickoff menu]].
    {{Note|Starting from KDE 4.7, Dolphin's menu bar is hidden, but easy to reach and restore. If you prefer menu bar to be present, you can enable it by selecting <menuchoice> Control -> Show Menubar</menuchoice> or pressing <keycap>Ctrl + M</keycap>.}}


    == Navigation Bar ==
    Когда мы щёлкаем на любую папку,  по умолчанию открывается '''Dolphin''' . Кроме того, он также может быть запущен из [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|меню Kickoff]].


    '''Dolphin''' integrates a new concept to use the navigation bar in a faster and more precise way: therefore a breadcrumb navigation bar is used. Instead of displaying the complete path only the navigation points starting from one of the places are displayed as buttons. By clicking one of these buttons you navigate directly to this folder. In this way you can reach a parent folder from a sub folder in a very quick way.
    == Location Bar ==


    Between the buttons which represent a folder there is a small arrow which is a button as well. By clicking this arrow you can see a list of all the subdirectories on the same level as your current one, giving you a quick directory change.
    '''Dolphin''' integrates a new concept to use the location bar in a faster and more precise way: therefore a breadcrumb location bar is used. Instead of displaying the complete path only the navigation points starting from one of the places are displayed as buttons. By clicking one of these buttons you navigate directly to this folder. In this way you can reach a parent folder from a sub folder in a very quick way.
     
    Между кнопками, которые представляют собой папки есть стрелка, которая также является кнопкой. Щелкнув на эту стрелку вы можете увидеть список всех подкаталогов на том же уровне, что и текущий, позволив вам быстро сменить каталог.




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    There is also a classical navigation bar which displays the complete path. To use this style you can select <menuchoice>View -> Navigation Bar -> Show Full Location</menuchoice>, or trigger the keyboard shortcut <keycap>Ctrl + L</keycap>. By clicking on the free space next to the last displayed folder in the breadcrumb style you can change to the classical style as well. If the classical style is selected a checkmark is displayed at the end of the navigation bar. This checkmark is a button which can be used to change back to the breadcrumb style. Of course menu and keyboard shortcut can be used, too.
    There is also a classical location bar which displays the complete path. To use this style you can right click on the Location Bar and select <menuchoice>Show Full Path</menuchoice>. If you want the Location bar to become editable, trigger the keyboard shortcut <keycap>Ctrl + L</keycap> or select <menuchoice> Control -> Location Bar -> Editable Location </menuchoice>. By clicking on the free space next to the last displayed folder in the breadcrumb style you can switch to an editable Location Bar as well. If the editable style is selected a checkmark is displayed at the end of the location bar. This checkmark is a button which can be used to change back to the breadcrumb style. Of course menu and keyboard shortcut can be used, too.


    == Split View ==
    == Раздельный просмотр ==


    '''Dolphin''' offers the possibility to split the current folder view so that two folder views are displayed next to each other as known from [[:wikipedia:Midnight Commander|Midnight Commander]]. This is a very comfortable view to copy or move files from one folder to another.
    '''Dolphin''' предлагает возможность разделить текущую папку так, что две папки отображаются рядом друг с другом, как знакомо из [[:wikipedia:Midnight Commander|Midnight Commander]]. Это очень удобный вид для копирования или перемещения файлов из одной папки в другую.




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    You can split the view with <menuchoice>View -> Split</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F3</keycap>). To change back to only one folder view you can use <menuchoice>View -> Close</menuchoice>. The symbol will show you which view will be closed. Depending on the currently active view the minus sign will be shown in the left or right part of the symbol. The active view will be closed. This is important to know if you want to use the keyboard shortcut. There is also a button for splitting and closing the view situated in the toolbar. This button displays the minus symbol as well, so it is easy to know which view would be closed.
    You can split the view by clicking on <menuchoice>Split</menuchoice> in the tool bar or, if you have enabled menu bar, <menuchoice>View -> Split</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F3</keycap>). To change back to only one folder view you can click on <menuchoice>Close</menuchoice> or just press <keycap>F3</keycap> again. The symbol will show you which view will be closed. Depending on the currently active view the minus sign will be shown in the left or right part of the symbol. The active view will be closed. This is important to know if you want to use the keyboard shortcut. There is also a button for splitting and closing the view situated in the toolbar. This button displays the minus symbol as well, so it is easy to know which view would be closed.


    Of course each view has its own navigation bar and each view can use a different view mode.
    Of course each view has its own location bar and each view can use a different view mode.


    == View mode ==
    == Режим просмотра ==


    '''Dolphin''' supports three different view modes: ''"Icons"'', ''"Details"'' and ''"Columns"''. These can be changed via the menu <menuchoice>View -> View mode</menuchoice> or via the keyboard shortcuts <keycap>Ctrl+1</keycap> (Icons), <keycap>Ctrl+2</keycap> (Details) and <keycap>Ctrl+3</keycap> (Columns). There is also a button for each view mode in the toolbar and the context menu of the folder view offers a submenu <menuchoice>View mode</menuchoice> to change the view mode.
    '''Dolphin''' supports three different view modes: ''"Icons"'', ''"Details"'' and ''"Compact"''. These can be changed from <menuchoice>Control -> View Mode </menuchoice>, via the menu <menuchoice>View -> View Mode</menuchoice> (if menu bar is enabled) or via the keyboard shortcuts <keycap>Ctrl+1</keycap> (Icons), <keycap>Ctrl+2</keycap> (Compact) and <keycap>Ctrl+3</keycap> (Details). There is also a button for each view mode in the toolbar and the context menu of the folder view offers a submenu <menuchoice>View mode</menuchoice> to change the view mode.


    === Icons ===
    === Значки ===


    Each file and each folder is represented by an icon in the view mode ''"Icons"''. Instead of displaying an icon a preview of the file can be shown. This behaviour can be turned on/off via the menu <menuchoice>View -> Preview</menuchoice> or via a toolbar button. There is a size limit for the file previews. This size limitation can be configured via <menuchoice>Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> General</menuchoice> option <menuchoice>File Previews -> Maximum file size</menuchoice>. There is also an option to use thumbnails embedded in files. In KDE 4.5 Previews are enabled (and maximum size defined) by <menuchoice>Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> General page -> Preview tab</menuchoice>
    Each file and each folder is represented by an icon in the view mode ''"Icons"''. Instead of displaying an icon a preview of the file can be shown. This behaviour can be turned on/off via the menu <menuchoice>View -> Preview</menuchoice> (if menu bar is enabled) or via the main toolbar button <menuchoice>Preview</menuchoice>. There is a size limit for the file previews. This size limitation can be configured via <menuchoice>Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> General</menuchoice> option <menuchoice>File Previews -> Maximum file size</menuchoice>. There is also an option to use thumbnails embedded in files. In KDE 4.5 Previews are enabled (and maximum size defined) by <menuchoice>Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> General page -> Preview tab</menuchoice>. Starting from KDE 4.8, the aforementioned settings can be configured via <menuchoice>Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes</menuchoice>.


    The files in the currently selected folder are sorted in alphabetical order by default. The way of sorting can be changed via menu <menuchoice>View -> Sort by</menuchoice>. The following sort criteria are available:
    The files in the currently selected folder are sorted in alphabetical order by default. The way of sorting can be changed via menu <menuchoice>Control -> Sort by</menuchoice>. The following sort criteria are available:


    * Name
    * Name
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    * Link Destination
    * Link Destination
    * Path
    * Path
    Additionally the sorting sequence can be defined by <menuchoice>View -> Sort by -> Descending</menuchoice> or <menuchoice>View -> Sort by -> Folders First</menuchoice>.
    Additionally the sorting sequence can be defined by <menuchoice>Control -> Sort by -> Descending</menuchoice> or <menuchoice>Control -> Sort by -> Folders First</menuchoice>.


    There is the possibility to display additional information below the icons. These can be turned on/off via <menuchoice>View -> Additional Information</menuchoice>. In principal the same criteria which are available as search criteria can be selected.
    There is the possibility to display additional information below the icons. These can be turned on/off via <menuchoice>Control -> Additional Information</menuchoice> or <menuchoice>View -> Additional Information</menuchoice> (if menu bar is enabled). In principal the same criteria which are available as search criteria can be selected.


    You can group the icons to achieve a better overview. This is turned on via <menuchoice>View -> Show in Groups</menuchoice>. Now the icons are grouped and the groups are divided by a horizontal line containing the name of the group as caption. The grouping is related to the selected search criteria.
    You can group the icons to achieve a better overview. This is turned on via <menuchoice>Control -> Show in Groups</menuchoice> or <menuchoice>View -> Show in Groups</menuchoice> (if menu bar is enabled). Now the icons are grouped and the groups are divided by a horizontal line containing the name of the group as caption. The grouping is related to the selected search criteria.




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    === Details ===
    === Details ===


    In view mode ''"Details"'' additional information is displayed by default in contrast to view mode ''"Icons"''. All files are listed in a tabular. The context menu of the table header offers the possibility to add additional columns. The following columns are available:
    В режиме просмотра ''"Столбцы''" дополнительные сведения отображаются по умолчанию в отличие от режима просмотра ''"Значки"''. Все файлы представлены в виде столбцов. Контекстное меню заголовка таблицы дает возможность добавить дополнительные столбцы. Доступны следующие столбцы:


    * Size
    * Размер
    * Date
    * Дата
    * Permissions
    * Права доступа
    * Owner
    * Владелец
    * Group
    * Группа
    * Type
    * Тип
    * Link Destination
    * Адрес ссылки
    * Path
    * Плный путь
    Column ''"Name''" is always displayed. By clicking on the header of one of the columns the table will be sorted by this column. By clicking on the same column header the sorting sequence is reversed.  
    Столбец ''"Имя''" уже отображается. При нажатии на заголовке одного из столбцов таблицы будут отсортированы по этому столбцу. При щелчке на том же заголовке столбца последовательность сортировки меняется на противоположную.  


    Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which display a minus now, again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. The tree view is disabled by default, but can be activated via <menuchoice>Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> Details</menuchoice> with option <menuchoice>Expandable Folders</menuchoice>.
    Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. Plus sign has been replaced by > symbol in newer KDE versions.  By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which displays a minus now (or an arrow pointing downwards in latest versions), again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. In latest KDE releases, the tree view is enabled by default, but can be deactivated via <menuchoice>Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> Details</menuchoice> with option <menuchoice>Expandable Folders</menuchoice>.


    === Columns ===
    === Столбцы ===


    View mode ''"Columns"'' is inspired by the file manager '''Finder''' of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder does not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder is listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This can be used for several hierarchies, so that you can navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system.
    View mode ''"Columns"'' was inspired by the file manager '''Finder''' of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder did not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder was listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This could be used for several hierarchies, so that you could navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system. Since KDE 4.8, view mode ''"Columns"'' has been dropped and will not be available in future '''Dolphin''' releases.


    ===Setting defaults for all folders===
    ===Setting defaults for all folders===
    Under the menu item <menuchoice>View -> Adjust View Properties</menuchoice> you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.
    Under <menuchoice>Control -> Adjust View Properties</menuchoice> (or under the menu item <menuchoice>View -> Adjust View Properties</menuchoice> if you have enabled menu bar) you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.


    == Panels ==
    == Панели ==


    '''Dolphin''' contains several panels, which can be activated via menu <menuchoice>View -> Panels</menuchoice>. Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to click on the header and ''Drag&Drop'' the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.
    '''Dolphin''' contains several panels, which can be activated via menu <menuchoice>Control -> Panels</menuchoice>. Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to unlock panels (right clik on a panel and select <menuchoice>Unlock Panels</menuchoice>), click on the header and ''Drag&Drop'' the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.


    In the header of each panel there are two buttons. The button near to the caption undocks the panel. This makes the panel an independent window which "floats" above '''Dolphin'''. The window is still combined with '''Dolphin''' and cannot be displayed without '''Dolphin''' and cannot for example be minimized like normal windows. By clicking the button again the panel is docked again. The second button will close the panel.
    In the header of each panel there are two buttons. The button near to the caption undocks the panel. This makes the panel an independent window which "floats" above '''Dolphin'''. The window is still combined with '''Dolphin''' and cannot be displayed without '''Dolphin''' and cannot for example be minimized like normal windows. By clicking the button again the panel is docked again. The second button will close the panel.
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    === Places ===
    === Places ===


    '''Dolphin''' contains a new kind of bookmarks ''Places''. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via <menuchoice>View -> Panels -> Places</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F9</keycap>). The default Places are identical to the one shown in the category ''System'' of the K-Menu [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|Kickoff]].
    '''Dolphin''' contains a new kind of bookmarks ''Places''. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via <menuchoice>Control -> Panels -> Places</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F9</keycap>). The default Places are identical to the ones shown in the category ''Computer'' of the K-Menu [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|Kickoff]].


    By clicking one of these places it will be opened in the current folder view. The context menu offers the possibility to edit the places or to remove them again. It is also possible to hide entries temporarily.
    By clicking one of these places it will be opened in the current folder view. The context menu offers the possibility to edit the places or to remove them again. It is also possible to hide entries temporarily.
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    === Information ===
    === Information ===


    The information panel can be activated via <menuchoice>View -> Panels -> Information</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F11</keycap>). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.
    The information panel can be activated via <menuchoice>Control -> Panels -> Information</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F11</keycap>). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.


    The information panel offers the possibility to rate files, add a comment or tag a file. This is one of the interfaces to the semantic Desktop [[Special:myLanguage/Nepomuk|Nepomuk]] which provides the advantages of the semantic web for the desktop. Starting from KDE 4.2 it is possible to search for the semantic links given by the tags.  
    The information panel offers the possibility to rate files, add a comment or tag a file. This is one of the interfaces to the semantic Desktop [[Special:myLanguage/Nepomuk|Nepomuk]] which provides the advantages of the semantic web for the desktop. Starting from KDE 4.2 it is possible to search for the semantic links given by the tags.  
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    === Folders ===
    === Folders ===


    A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via <menuchoice>View -> Panels -> Folders</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F7</keycap>). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the + and - signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.
    A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via <menuchoice>Control -> Panels -> Folders</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F7</keycap>). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the > and ˇ signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.


    === Terminal ===
    === Terminal ===


    The terminal emulator [[Special:myLanguage/Konsole|Konsole]] can be displayed directly in '''Dolphin''' via <menuchoice>View -> Panels -> Terminal</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F4</keycap>). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in '''Dolphin'''. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. <keycap>Shift + F4</keycap> opens '''Konsole''' in new window.
    The terminal emulator [[Special:myLanguage/Konsole|Konsole]] can be displayed directly in '''Dolphin''' via <menuchoice>Control -> Panels -> Terminal</menuchoice> (keyboard shortcut <keycap>F4</keycap>). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in '''Dolphin'''. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. <keycap>Shift + F4</keycap> opens '''Konsole''' in new window.




    [[Image:dolphin_terminal.png|thumb|240px|center|Dolphin with a Terminal]]
    [[Image:dolphin_terminal.png|thumb|240px|center|Dolphin with a Terminal]]


    == External links ==
    == External links ==
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    ===Change a File Association on-the-fly===
    ===Change a File Association on-the-fly===
    Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice? You can, of course, alter this in <menuchoice>System Settings -> Advanced -> File Associations</menuchoice>. But '''Dolphin''' and '''Konqueror''' offer you a quick and cool method for changing a single association.
    Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice? You can, of course, alter this in <menuchoice>Kickoff -> Computer -> System Settings -> Common Appearance and Behavior -> File Associations</menuchoice>. But '''Dolphin''' and '''Konqueror''' offer you a quick and cool method for changing a single association.


    Right-click on the file and select <menuchoice>Properties</menuchoice>. The first line there is descriptive, something like:  {{Output|1=Type: XML document}}
    Right-click on the file and select <menuchoice>Properties</menuchoice>. The first line there is descriptive, something like:  {{Output|1=Type: XML document}}
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    ===Have your recent files as home===
    === <tt>timeline:/</tt> and have your recent files as startup folder===


    [[File:Recent.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Have your recent files always in Dolphin]]
    [[File:Recent.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Have your recent files always in Dolphin]]
    In a current (2017, Version 16.08.3 of) dolphin (with '''baloo''' up and running), you can start up dolphin with a view of ''recently modified files'': Just navigate to the address/location of  <tt>timeline:/today/</tt> (copy paste it to the address bar) or use it as '''dolphin start-up-folder''' in dolphin-settings. With older versions of dolphin, this required the below manual steps:


    '''Dolphin''' has access to a large number of [[Special:myLanguage/File_transfers|file transfer protocols (KIO Slaves)]]. One of those is provided by [[Special:myLanguage/Nepomuk|the KDE semantic search system (Nepomuk)]]. Nepomuk offers a transfer protocol named ''history''. You can navigate to it by entering <tt>timeline:/</tt> in the location bar.
    '''Dolphin''' has access to a large number of [[Special:myLanguage/File_transfers|file transfer protocols (KIO Slaves)]]. One of those is provided by [[Special:myLanguage/Nepomuk|the KDE semantic search system (Nepomuk)]]. Nepomuk offers a transfer protocol named ''history''. You can navigate to it by entering <tt>timeline:/</tt> in the location bar.

    Revision as of 18:50, 28 November 2017

    Откройте для себя Dolphin

    Первый раздел берет вас на экскурсию по возможностям Dolphin. Во втором разделе рассматриваются концепции различных типов закладок. В третьем разделе рассматривается управления архивами. Наконец, мы смотрим на 'Больше интересных вещей'. Изображения кликабельны - можно увидеть увеличенное изображение.

    Information

    Там, где имеются ввиду paths, помните, что они могут относиться к ~/.kde или ~/.kde4, в зависимости от вашего дистрибутива


    Общая информация

    Dolphin или Konqueror?

    Данное руководство описывает Dolphin' для KDE SC 4. Konqueror был стандартным файловым менеджером в KDE 2 и 3. Вы также можете использовать Konqueror в качестве стандартного файлового менеджера в KDE SC 4. Чтобы сделать это (начиная с KDE SC 4.2) откройте Параметры системы и перейдите в модуль Приложения по умолчанию. Вы можете выбрать Konqueror или ряд других приложений для использования в качестве файлового менеджера по умолчанию.

    Введение в Dolphin

    Dolphin файловый менеджер Программного обеспечения KDE.

    Я покажу вам, как использовать Dolphin для общих задач по управлению файлами и как настраивать его для ваших нужд.



    Когда мы открыли Dolphin из меню Kickoff он отобразил ваш начальный каталог - по умолчанию ваша это ваша Домашняя папка.

    Просто щёлкните, чтобы открыть файл или папку. (Это может быть изменено на двойной клик в Параметры -> Администрирование компьютера -> Клавиатура и Мышь, по желанию. Некоторые дистрибутивы устанавливают двойной клик по умолчанию.) в KDE 4.5 это находится в Параметры системы -> Оборудование -> Устройстива ввода -> Мышь

    Чтобы выделить или отменить выделение файлов и папок переместите указатель мыши над значком и щелкните на знаки плюс и минус соответственно. Как тут:



    Когда вы щелкните на знак плюса, файл или папка будут добавлены выделенному. Выбор можно сделать также путем перетаскивания прямоугольника (иногда называемый "резинкой"), а также выбрать и отменить с помощью Ctrl + щелчок по одному и Shift + щелчок для последовательного диапазона.

    Многие выделенные файлы выглядит следующим образом:



    Создание новой папки: Вы можете создать новую папку в активном каталоге, используя контекстное меню -> Создать или комбинацию F10.

    Tabs: Dolphin supports tabbed browsing. A new tab can be opened for example from File -> New Tab (if you have enabled menu bar), by Ctrl + T or by middle mouse click on folder icon and navigation buttons.

    Note

    Starting from KDE 4.7, Dolphin's menu bar is hidden, but easy to reach and restore. If you prefer menu bar to be present, you can enable it by selecting Control -> Show Menubar or pressing Ctrl + M.


    Когда мы щёлкаем на любую папку, по умолчанию открывается Dolphin . Кроме того, он также может быть запущен из меню Kickoff.

    Location Bar

    Dolphin integrates a new concept to use the location bar in a faster and more precise way: therefore a breadcrumb location bar is used. Instead of displaying the complete path only the navigation points starting from one of the places are displayed as buttons. By clicking one of these buttons you navigate directly to this folder. In this way you can reach a parent folder from a sub folder in a very quick way.

    Между кнопками, которые представляют собой папки есть стрелка, которая также является кнопкой. Щелкнув на эту стрелку вы можете увидеть список всех подкаталогов на том же уровне, что и текущий, позволив вам быстро сменить каталог.


    Change directories quickly


    There is also a classical location bar which displays the complete path. To use this style you can right click on the Location Bar and select Show Full Path. If you want the Location bar to become editable, trigger the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + L or select Control -> Location Bar -> Editable Location . By clicking on the free space next to the last displayed folder in the breadcrumb style you can switch to an editable Location Bar as well. If the editable style is selected a checkmark is displayed at the end of the location bar. This checkmark is a button which can be used to change back to the breadcrumb style. Of course menu and keyboard shortcut can be used, too.

    Раздельный просмотр

    Dolphin предлагает возможность разделить текущую папку так, что две папки отображаются рядом друг с другом, как знакомо из Midnight Commander. Это очень удобный вид для копирования или перемещения файлов из одной папки в другую.



    You can split the view by clicking on Split in the tool bar or, if you have enabled menu bar, View -> Split (keyboard shortcut F3). To change back to only one folder view you can click on Close or just press F3 again. The symbol will show you which view will be closed. Depending on the currently active view the minus sign will be shown in the left or right part of the symbol. The active view will be closed. This is important to know if you want to use the keyboard shortcut. There is also a button for splitting and closing the view situated in the toolbar. This button displays the minus symbol as well, so it is easy to know which view would be closed.

    Of course each view has its own location bar and each view can use a different view mode.

    Режим просмотра

    Dolphin supports three different view modes: "Icons", "Details" and "Compact". These can be changed from Control -> View Mode , via the menu View -> View Mode (if menu bar is enabled) or via the keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+1 (Icons), Ctrl+2 (Compact) and Ctrl+3 (Details). There is also a button for each view mode in the toolbar and the context menu of the folder view offers a submenu View mode to change the view mode.

    Значки

    Each file and each folder is represented by an icon in the view mode "Icons". Instead of displaying an icon a preview of the file can be shown. This behaviour can be turned on/off via the menu View -> Preview (if menu bar is enabled) or via the main toolbar button Preview. There is a size limit for the file previews. This size limitation can be configured via Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> General option File Previews -> Maximum file size. There is also an option to use thumbnails embedded in files. In KDE 4.5 Previews are enabled (and maximum size defined) by Settings -> Configure Dolphin -> General page -> Preview tab. Starting from KDE 4.8, the aforementioned settings can be configured via Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes.

    The files in the currently selected folder are sorted in alphabetical order by default. The way of sorting can be changed via menu Control -> Sort by. The following sort criteria are available:

    • Name
    • Size
    • Date
    • Permissions
    • Owner
    • Group
    • Type
    • Link Destination
    • Path

    Additionally the sorting sequence can be defined by Control -> Sort by -> Descending or Control -> Sort by -> Folders First.

    There is the possibility to display additional information below the icons. These can be turned on/off via Control -> Additional Information or View -> Additional Information (if menu bar is enabled). In principal the same criteria which are available as search criteria can be selected.

    You can group the icons to achieve a better overview. This is turned on via Control -> Show in Groups or View -> Show in Groups (if menu bar is enabled). Now the icons are grouped and the groups are divided by a horizontal line containing the name of the group as caption. The grouping is related to the selected search criteria.


    Details

    В режиме просмотра "Столбцы" дополнительные сведения отображаются по умолчанию в отличие от режима просмотра "Значки". Все файлы представлены в виде столбцов. Контекстное меню заголовка таблицы дает возможность добавить дополнительные столбцы. Доступны следующие столбцы:

    • Размер
    • Дата
    • Права доступа
    • Владелец
    • Группа
    • Тип
    • Адрес ссылки
    • Плный путь

    Столбец "Имя" уже отображается. При нажатии на заголовке одного из столбцов таблицы будут отсортированы по этому столбцу. При щелчке на том же заголовке столбца последовательность сортировки меняется на противоположную.

    Since KDE 4.1 it is possible to display the folders as a tree. In this mode a plus sign is shown next to the folder. Plus sign has been replaced by > symbol in newer KDE versions. By clicking on this sign the folder is expanded and all containing sub folders and files are also shown in the table but they are attenuated. By clicking the sign, which displays a minus now (or an arrow pointing downwards in latest versions), again the expansion is closed again. Of course the tree structure can be used for as many folders as wished. In latest KDE releases, the tree view is enabled by default, but can be deactivated via Control -> Configure Dolphin -> View Modes -> Details with option Expandable Folders.

    Столбцы

    View mode "Columns" was inspired by the file manager Finder of Mac OS X. Entering a sub folder did not replace the current folder view but the content of the sub folder was listed in an additional column next to the column of the parent folder. This could be used for several hierarchies, so that you could navigate in an easy and fast way in the file system. Since KDE 4.8, view mode "Columns" has been dropped and will not be available in future Dolphin releases.

    Setting defaults for all folders

    Under Control -> Adjust View Properties (or under the menu item View -> Adjust View Properties if you have enabled menu bar) you can set any of these attributes to be the default for all folder views.

    Панели

    Dolphin contains several panels, which can be activated via menu Control -> Panels. Each panel can be placed in the left or right docking area. To move a panel you have to unlock panels (right clik on a panel and select Unlock Panels), click on the header and Drag&Drop the panel. The area where the panel will be placed on mouse released is highlighted. It is possible to stack panels on top of each other. In this case the panels are placed into tabs.

    In the header of each panel there are two buttons. The button near to the caption undocks the panel. This makes the panel an independent window which "floats" above Dolphin. The window is still combined with Dolphin and cannot be displayed without Dolphin and cannot for example be minimized like normal windows. By clicking the button again the panel is docked again. The second button will close the panel.

    Non Modal Dialogs

    When Moving, Copying or Deleting files/directories the dialog disappears even when the operation has not yet completed. A progress bar then appears in the bottom right of the screen, this then disappears also, if you want see the progress you need to click a small (i) information icon in the system tray.

    Warning

    New users who are not used to this way of working (and even experienced users) can get caught out by this, if you are Moving, Copying or Deleting large directories then you need to use the icon to monitor the progress of your operation. If you don't then any subsequent actions you do, may well use an incomplete file structure resulting in corrupted files. You have been warned!


    Places

    Dolphin contains a new kind of bookmarks Places. These are displayed in a panel which can be activated via Control -> Panels -> Places (keyboard shortcut F9). The default Places are identical to the ones shown in the category Computer of the K-Menu Kickoff.

    By clicking one of these places it will be opened in the current folder view. The context menu offers the possibility to edit the places or to remove them again. It is also possible to hide entries temporarily.

    The context menu of a folder can be used to add this folder an another entry to the Places panel. Therefore there is a menu item Add to Places. You can also Drag&Drop a folder to the Places panel.

    The places panel also contains entries to connected removable devices like USB-keys or CDs. A small plug icon indicates if the device is mounted. The context menu offers the possibility to unmount the device.

    The places are used as the basis in the breadcrumb navigation bar. Each address is shown in relation to the nearest parent folder which is one of the places.

    Information

    The information panel can be activated via Control -> Panels -> Information (keyboard shortcut F11). This panel displays a preview or an icon of the currently selected file/folder or of the file/folder below the mouse cursor. Some additional information like change date or size to the file/folder is displayed as well.

    The information panel offers the possibility to rate files, add a comment or tag a file. This is one of the interfaces to the semantic Desktop Nepomuk which provides the advantages of the semantic web for the desktop. Starting from KDE 4.2 it is possible to search for the semantic links given by the tags.


    The Information Panel


    Tip

    If you are wondering about missing mp3 ID tags (title, time ...) with some files it is most likely that ID3 Version 2 tags are missing. You can add ID3 version 2 tags with KID3 for example.


    Folders

    A panel providing a tree structure for the file system can be displayed via Control -> Panels -> Folders (keyboard shortcut F7). The tree structure offers the possibility by clicking the > and ˇ signs to expand/collapse sub folders. By clicking on one of the folders the content will be displayed in the current view.

    Terminal

    The terminal emulator Konsole can be displayed directly in Dolphin via Control -> Panels -> Terminal (keyboard shortcut F4). This makes it possible to use shell commands directly in Dolphin. The terminal is opened in the folder which is displayed in the current view. Shift + F4 opens Konsole in new window.


    Dolphin with a Terminal

    External links

    Wikipedia- Dolphin_(software)

    Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror

    Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin

    Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin

    Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin

    File System Navigation

    Bookmarks and Places

    In KDE3 you could create bookmarks in Konqueror, but they were not available to any other application. KDE SC 4.x opens up a great deal more flexibility - but that inevitably means more complication. In fact KDE SC 4 has three classes of Bookmarks, which need to be differentiated. They reside in different files, and have different functions.


    KDE3 Konqueror didn't share bookmarks


    Three kinds of bookmark

    First, there is the set of bookmarks available only to Konqueror - web bookmarks. These are stored in ~/.kde/share/apps/konqueror/bookmarks.xml. Then there is a set which Dolphin calls Places. This set is available to all applications as well as the Dolphin file manager. Every time you use File -> Open you will see this set. The third set of bookmarks are Application Bookmarks. These share one file, regardless of the application that set them, and are available to all applications, unless you restrain them to a specific application. More of that later.

    Enable bookmarks

    In most distros Bookmarks are not enabled by default. In order to use bookmarks we first have to enable them. Open a File -> Open in most KDE applications and you will see, at the right-hand edge of the icon panel, a spanner or wrench. From the drop-down list, choose Show Bookmarks.


    Enabling Bookmarks


    "Places" for system-wide navigation

    There is a default set of Places -

    Home
    Network
    Root
    Trash

    but you can add other places. In Dolphin, right-click on a folder and select Add to Places, or just drag a folder onto Places.


    Adding a bookmark to Places


    By default this "Place" will be visible in all applications. If you want to keep it constrained to Dolphin, you need to right-click on the new name in the Places list, where you will find the option to Edit it. There is a check-box for Only show when using this application (Dolphin).


    This Place will only be visible in Dolphin


    You can see the result of that command if you read ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfileplaces/bookmarks.xml.

    In some applications too there is an option in the File menu to add a folder to Places. At this stage, however, applications vary in which features are available. The important thing to remember is that the default is for Places items to be available to all applications in the File -> Open dialogue.

    Bookmarks in applications

    This is the second class of bookmarks. Remember opening File -> Open and using the spanner/wrench? Next to it is a yellow star. This is the bookmark management menu.


    Manage Application bookmarks here


    Here you can define bookmarks that will be visible in the same menu on any application. They are stored in one file, ~/.kde4/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml, which is used by all applications having that menu.

    Constraining to one application

    Some applications allow you to edit items in the Places menu. For instance, if in Gwenview you right click on a folder in Places you can set an option to Only show when using this application (Gwenview).


    Constraining a bookmark to an application


    If you need to constrain to an application that does not yet allow you to do that, the only way left is to edit the file ~/.kde/share/apps/kfile/bookmarks.xml. Immediately before the </metadata> tag you will need to add the line

    <OnlyInApp>appname</OnlyInApp>

    Archive Management in Dolphin

    Managing archives now becomes simple. In any directory in Dolphin, highlight the files that you want to compress, and right-click. Here, using the Compress option, you can elect to create a RAR archive, a Gzipped tar archive, or define another compression mode that you have already set up.


    Create a new archive


    Similarly, if you right-click on an existing archived file you get a range of actions added to the right-click menu. You can extract the archive to the current folder, to an autodetected subfolder or to another place of your choosing.

    Should you wish to add files to an existing archive, you can choose Open with Ark.


    Manage existing archives


    More Cool Actions

    Change a File Association on-the-fly

    Have you ever wanted to open a file, only to find that it is associated with an application that is not of your choice? You can, of course, alter this in Kickoff -> Computer -> System Settings -> Common Appearance and Behavior -> File Associations. But Dolphin and Konqueror offer you a quick and cool method for changing a single association.

    Right-click on the file and select Properties. The first line there is descriptive, something like:

    Type: XML document

    At the same level, on the right, there is a spanner (wrench). Click on that and you can add or change an association.

    Similarly, by working on a folder, you can change the default file manager to/from Konqueror, if you choose, or add another image browser to the possible associations.

    The Actions sub-menu

    The Actions sub-menu opens up a whole lot more cool things to do from Dolphin. Some possibilities only appear when applicable to the file you have selected. Some of the options are

    • Convert an image file to a different format
    • Preview the file
    • Download a remote file with KGet
    • Sign and/or encrypt the file, according to the encryption software installed

    Encode and copy audio CD tracks

    • Insert an audio CD
    • Navigate to this CD in Dolphin: it must appear as "Volume" in your Dolphin 'Places' or you can reach it by typing audiocd:/ in the address bar.


    Dolphin presenting audio CD


    You now notice that Dolphin is proposing a WAV file for each track, plus:

    • a CDA folder containing indexing information in the usual CDA format.
    • a Whole CD folder, containing one file for each format (.cda, .flac, .mp3, .ogg, .wav) holding all the tracks
    • a FLAC folder, containing the tracks encoded into FLAC format (lossless information format)
    • an Information folder containing the CDDB informations
    • an MP3 folder, containing all the tracks in MP3 format
    • a Ogg Vorbis folder, containing the tracks encoded in OGG format

    You then just have to copy the folder of your choice, in your preferred format to obtain the relative encoded version of your CD!


    timeline:/ and have your recent files as startup folder

    Have your recent files always in Dolphin

    In a current (2017, Version 16.08.3 of) dolphin (with baloo up and running), you can start up dolphin with a view of recently modified files: Just navigate to the address/location of timeline:/today/ (copy paste it to the address bar) or use it as dolphin start-up-folder in dolphin-settings. With older versions of dolphin, this required the below manual steps:

    Dolphin has access to a large number of file transfer protocols (KIO Slaves). One of those is provided by the KDE semantic search system (Nepomuk). Nepomuk offers a transfer protocol named history. You can navigate to it by entering timeline:/ in the location bar.

    One particularly neat thing there is the ability to have the Today folder from the timeline:/ protocol in the Places sidebar (you can just drag it there!). You can then change the name and icon (do a right click on the new Today entry and choose Edit entry Today...).

    It could be very useful to have this view of recently used files immediately when you start Dolphin. Unfortunately, as of Dolphin 2.1 (part of KDE SC 4.9) this is not possible without editing the Dolphin configuration file. See this blog for more details on that.

    To edit the configuration file, first close all Dolphin windows. Dolphin will save its configuration upon closing, overwriting any changes you might make!

    Then use KRunner (Alt + F2) to edit ~/.kde4/share/config/dolphinrc (or ~/.kde/share/config/dolphinrc, depending on your distribution) with KWrite as follows: kwrite ~/.kde4/share/config/dolphinrc. You can of course use any other editor as well, like Kate. In the configuration file, locate the [General] section to edit the HomeUrl into: HomeUrl=timeline:/today and save the file. You should now have the today view as default and have the files you're most often looking for at your fingertips!