Glossary/ru: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 14:50, 29 June 2019

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This page sets out to provide a non-technical reference, together with links for further information or demonstration. See also Jargon File.

Комнаты

Комнаты представляют собой наборы виджетов Plasma с их собственными обоями рабочего стола. Немного похоже на виртуальные рабочие столы, но не совсем.

Например у вас есть "рабочая комната" с подписками на RSS-каналы, заметкой с вашими задачами, с открытой "Папкой" с файлами, имеющими отношение к вашей работе и с замысловатыми обоями рабочего стола.

Рядом с ней у вас есть "комната отдыха", с миниатюрами семейных фотографий родственников и собачек, RSS-каналы ваших любимых блогов, папка с коллекцией фильмов, твиттер-апплет и конечно же обои рабочего стола с постером группы "Iron Maiden", которую вы любите еще с 80-х годов.

Ровно в 17:00 вы переключаетесь с "рабочей комнаты" на "комнату отдыха".

More Information:

Creating Activities

Akonadi

The data storage access mechanism for all PIM (Personal Information Manager) data in KDE. This allows various applications to access the required information in one place. Note that use of Akonadi does not change data storage formats (vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir etc.) - it just provides a new way of accessing and updating the data.

Главные причины создания и разработки Akonadi носят технический характер, например, иметь единообразный способ доступа к личным данным (контактам, календарю, электронной почте и т.п.) из разных приложений (в том числе kmail, kword, ...), приводящее к избавлению от написания дублирующегося кода в разных местах.

Другое преимущество — отделить приложения с графическим пользовательским интерфейсом, такие как kmail, от прямого доступа к внешним ресурсам, таким как почтовые сервера, что позволяет улучшить производительность и отзывчивость приложений, которых многие так ждали, сообщая о своих пожеланиях в системе отслеживания ошибок KDE.

More Information:

Baloo

Baloo is a file indexing and search service that Dolphin and Elisa use to get metadata for files and to allow global searches. In a terminal type, balooctl check to find out whether an index was created already. balooctl disable and balooctl status are helpful instructions as well.

More Information:

Baloo

Breeze

Breeze is the default theme starting with Plasma 5.

More Information:

Git repository

Containment

A Containment is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.

The end result is that you can group widgets within a Containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.

D-Bus

An inter-service messaging system. D-Bus allows multiple programs to interact. Developed by Red Hat^®, it was heavily influenced by KDE3's DCOP, which it supersedes.

More Information:

Dolphin

The default file manager in KDE Plasma. It has a side panel (Places), but navigation is mainly by the breadcrumb trail above the main window. It has various advanced features such as split windows and individual views in different windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel. Other directories can be added to the Places panel. A Tree view is also possible.

More Information:

Flake

Flake is a programming library to be used in Krita and Calligra. Functionally, it provides Shapes to display content and Tools to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped to work as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.

More Information:

KDE Community Wiki - Flake

Get Hot New Stuff

Get Hot New Stuff (GHNS) открытый стандарт, позволяющий легко загружать и устанавливать различные дополнения для приложений. Реализация GHNS используется в Plasma (например, для получения новых тем оформления), и многими приложениями и виджетами.

More Information:

The KDE Store

Домашняя папка

Это место в системе где хранятся все файлы пользователя. Конечно можно записывать свои файлы в других местах, но все приложения настроены, таким образом чтобы предложить эту папку как место, куда записывать файлы. И все просто если в ней хранятся все файлы.

More Information:

Wikipedia - Home directory

KHTML

KHTML is a HTML rendering engine that was the base of WebKit, the engine that powers many browsers still in use today (e.g. Safari).

Kirigami

Kirigami is a set of components allowing developers to create applications that looks good and works well on mobile platforms as well as on the desktop.

More Information:

Kirigami on kde.org

Kickoff

Kickoff is a launch menu in KDE Plasma in which apps are sorted by functional groups. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. There are also alternatives, such as the fullscreen app dashboard.

More Information:

Design documentation

KJS

JavaScript движок для платформы KDE.

KInfoCenter

KInfoCenter originated as part of KControl standing alone from KDE 3.1. It can display data about your system such as energy usage, hardware info and many more.

More Information:

KIO

KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar, google drive, and zip.

More Information:

Kiosk

Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It has been unmaintained for quite some time now.

KPart

A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.

Kross

Kross это скриптовый фреймворк, добавляющий поддержку множества скриптовых языков. Система плагинов обеспечивает поддержку дополнительных языков в будущем.

KRunner

The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop.

More Information:

KRunner wiki

KWin

KWin is the window manager of KDE. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied.

More Information:

KWin

Pager

A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.

Panel

See Kicker. In KDE Plasma the name "kicker" is dropped, and the name "panel" is the norm. "Applets"; are largely replaced by Widgets

More Information:

Panels

Phonon

A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines.

More Information:

Plasma

Plasma is the desktop environment from KDE. It is the part of the desktop that you can see. Plasma also acts as a glue between panels, plasmoids and Kickoff. Plasma Mobile allows Plasma to run on smartphones and uses the same underlying code base.

More Information:

Qt

(Pronounced "cute") A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Krita, GoogleEarth and many others. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.

More Information:

The Qt Toolkit

Solid

Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into "domains". The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack. Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.

More Information:

Discover Solid

System Settings

The system settings are the unified place where you can change and customize many aspects of the Plasma desktop and KWin such as icon themes, desktop effects and shortcuts.

More Information:

System Settings

Threadweaver

This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.

More Information:

Why Multithreading? (Technical article)

Virtual Desktops

A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your new desktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.

WebKit

HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari.

More Information:

Widget

Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten." In KDE software terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).

X Server

The X Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like the KDE Plasma desktop are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.

XMLGUI

A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts

More Information:

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 :Ровно в 17:00 вы переключаетесь с "рабочей комнаты" на "комнату отдыха".
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Plasma#Activities|Creating Activities]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma#Activities|Creating Activities]]
 <span id="Akonadi"></span>
 ===Akonadi===
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 :Другое преимущество — отделить приложения с графическим пользовательским интерфейсом, такие как '''kmail''', от прямого доступа к внешним ресурсам, таким как почтовые сервера, что позволяет улучшить производительность и отзывчивость приложений, которых многие так ждали, сообщая о своих пожеланиях в системе отслеживания ошибок KDE.
-:''Дополнительная информация'':
+'''More Information''':
-::[http://userbase.kde.org/Akonadi/ru Akonadi для KDE PIM]
+* [http://userbase.kde.org/Akonadi/ Akonadi for KDE's PIM]
-::[http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akonadi Википедия: Akonadi]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akonadi Wikipedia - Akonadi]
-::[http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/PIM/Akonadi Techbase: Akonadi] (англ.)
+* [http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/PIM/Akonadi Techbase - Akonadi]
 <span id="Containment"></span>
 ===Baloo===
 [[Special:myLanguage/Baloo|Baloo]] is a file indexing and search service that '''Dolphin''' and '''Elisa''' use to get metadata for files and to allow global searches. In a terminal type, <code>balooctl check</code> to find out whether an index was created already. <code>balooctl disable</code> and <code>balooctl status</code> are helpful instructions as well.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloo Baloo]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloo Baloo]
 <span id="Containment"></span>
+===Breeze===
+Breeze is the default theme starting with Plasma 5.
+'''More Information''':
+* [https://cgit.kde.org/breeze.git/ Git repository]
 ===Containment===
 :A ''Containment'' is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.
@@ Line 39: / Line 45: @@
 <span id="D-Bus"></span>
 ===D-Bus===
-:An inter-service messaging system. D-Bus allows multiple programs to  Developed by Red Hat<sup>®</sup>, it was heavily influenced by KDE3's ''DCOP'', which it supersedes.
+:An inter-service messaging system. D-Bus allows multiple programs to interact. Developed by Red Hat<sup>®</sup>, it was heavily influenced by KDE3's ''DCOP'', which it supersedes.
-:''Дополнительная информация'':
+'''More Information''':
-::[http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus FreeDesktop.org: Что такое D-Bus?]
+* [http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus FreeDesktop.org: What is D-Bus?]
-::[http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus Wikipedia: D-Bus]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus Wikipedia: D-Bus]
 <span id="Dolphin"></span>
 ===Dolphin===
 :The default file manager in KDE Plasma.  It has a side panel (''Places''), but navigation is mainly by the ''breadcrumb'' trail above the main window. It has various advanced features such as split windows and individual views in different windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel. Other directories can be added to the Places panel.  A ''Tree view'' is also possible.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_(software) Wikipedia - Dolphin (software)]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_(software) Wikipedia - Dolphin (software)]
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Tutorials/File_Management|The UserBase File Management Tutorial]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Tutorials/File_Management|The UserBase File Management Tutorial]]
 <span id="Flake"></span>
 ===Flake===
-:''Flake'' is a programming library to be used in [[Special:myLanguage/KOffice|KOffice]] and [[Special:myLanguage/Calligra|Calligra]].  Functionally, it provides ''Shapes'' to display content and ''Tools'' to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped to work as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.
+:''Flake'' is a programming library to be used in [https://krita.org/en/ Krita] and [[Special:myLanguage/Calligra|Calligra]]. Functionally, it provides ''Shapes'' to display content and ''Tools'' to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped to work as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://community.kde.org/Calligra/Libs/Flake KDE Community Wiki - Flake]
+* [http://community.kde.org/Calligra/Libs/Flake KDE Community Wiki - Flake]
 <span id="Get Hot New Stuff"></span>
 ===Get Hot New Stuff===
 :''Get Hot New Stuff (GHNS)'' открытый стандарт, позволяющий легко загружать и устанавливать различные дополнения для приложений. Реализация GHNS используется в Plasma (например, для получения новых тем оформления), и многими приложениями и виджетами.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://store.kde.org The KDE Store]
+* [http://store.kde.org The KDE Store]
 <span id="Home Directory"></span>
 ===Домашняя папка===
 :Это место в системе где хранятся все файлы пользователя. Конечно можно записывать свои файлы в других местах, но все приложения настроены, таким образом чтобы предложить эту папку как место, куда записывать файлы. И все просто если в ней хранятся все файлы.
-:''Дополнительная информация'':
+'''More Information''':
-::[http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki//home Wikipedia - Домашняя папка]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_directory Wikipedia - Home directory]
 <span id="KHTML"></span>
 ===KHTML===
@@ Line 76: / Line 82: @@
 :'''Kirigami''' is a set of components allowing developers to create applications that looks good and works well on mobile platforms as well as on the desktop.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[https://www.kde.org/products/kirigami/ Kirigami on kde.org]
+* [https://www.kde.org/products/kirigami/ Kirigami on kde.org]
 <span id="Kickoff"></span>
 ===Kickoff===
 :Kickoff is a launch menu in KDE Plasma in which apps are sorted by functional groups. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application is made possible with the search box. There are also alternatives, such as the fullscreen app dashboard.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://en.opensuse.org/Kickoff Design documentation]
+* [http://en.opensuse.org/Kickoff Design documentation]
 <span id="KJS"></span>
 ===KJS===
@@ Line 91: / Line 97: @@
 :'''KInfoCenter''' originated as part of [[#KControl|KControl]] standing alone from KDE 3.1. It can display data about your system such as energy usage, hardware info and many more.
-''More Info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/KInfoCenter|KInfoCenter]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/KInfoCenter|KInfoCenter]]
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinfocenter Wikipedia - KInfoCenter]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinfocenter Wikipedia - KInfoCenter]
 <span id="KIO"></span>
 ===KIO===
-:''KDE фреймворк ввода/вывода'' поддерживающий единый интерфейс для работы с файлами, в не зависимости от того, локальные они или хранятся на удалённом сервере.  Кроме того , ''KIO Slaves'' обеспечивает поддержку отдельных протоколов.  Некоторые частично полезные из них это ''http'', ''ftp'', ''sftp'', ''smb'', ''nfs'', ''ssh (fish)'', ''man'', ''tar'' и ''zip''.
+:''KDE Input/Output framework'' provides a single ''API'' for operating on files, whether local or on a remote server.  Additionally, ''KIO Slaves'' provide support for individual protocols.  Some particularly useful ones are ''http'', ''ftp'', ''sftp'', ''smb'', ''nfs'', ''ssh (fish)'', ''man'', ''tar'', ''google drive'', and ''zip''.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/File transfers|A tutorial on file transfers]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/File transfers|A tutorial on file transfers]]
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIO Wikipedia - KIO]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIO Wikipedia - KIO]
-:[http://www.linux.com/feature/124686 Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves]
+* [http://www.linux.com/feature/124686 Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves]
 <span id="Kiosk"></span>
 ===Kiosk===
-:[http://techbase.kde.org/KDE_System_Administration/Kiosk/Introduction Kiosk] is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a ''KDE platform'' system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It has been unmaintained for quite some time now.
+* [http://techbase.kde.org/KDE_System_Administration/Kiosk/Introduction Kiosk] is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a ''KDE platform'' system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It has been unmaintained for quite some time now.
 <span id="KPart"></span>
 ===KPart===
@@ Line 115: / Line 121: @@
 :The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut ''Alt+F2'', or a right-click on the desktop.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Krunner | KRunner wiki]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Krunner|KRunner wiki]]
 <span id="KWin"></span>
@@ Line 122: / Line 128: @@
 :''KWin'' is the window manager of KDE. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/KWin|KWin]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/KWin|KWin]]
 <span id="Pager"></span>
 ===Pager===
@@ Line 131: / Line 137: @@
 :See [[#Kicker|Kicker]]. In '''KDE Plasma''' the name "kicker" is dropped, and the name "panel" is the norm.  "Applets"; are largely replaced by [[#Widget|Widgets]]
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Panels|Panels]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Panels|Panels]]
 <span id="Phonon"></span>
 ===Phonon===
 :A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as ''gstreamer'' and ''xine engines''.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Phonon|Phonon]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Phonon|Phonon]]
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE) Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE) Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)]
-:[http://phonon.kde.org/ Phonon website]
+* [http://phonon.kde.org/ Phonon website]
 <span id="Plasma"></span>
 ===Plasma===
 :Plasma is the desktop environment from KDE. It is the part of the desktop that you can see. Plasma also acts as a glue between panels, plasmoids and Kickoff. Plasma Mobile allows Plasma to run on smartphones and uses the same underlying code base.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(KDE) Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(KDE) Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)]
-:[http://plasma.kde.org/cms/1107 Plasma website]
+* [http://plasma.kde.org/cms/1107 Plasma website]
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Plasma|The Plasma main page]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma|The Plasma main page]]
-:[[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/FAQ/Index|The Plasma FAQ's]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/FAQ/Index|The Plasma FAQ's]]
 <span id="Qt"></span>
 ===Qt===
 :(Pronounced "cute") A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as '''Krita''', '''GoogleEarth''' and many others.  Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit) The Qt Toolkit]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit) The Qt Toolkit]
 <span id="Solid"></span>
 ===Solid===
 :''Solid'' provides a single API for hardware management.  Hardware is grouped into "domains".  The initial domains relate to ''HAL'', ''NetworkManager'' and the ''Bluetooth'' stack. Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://solid.kde.org/cms/1058 Discover Solid]
+* [http://solid.kde.org/cms/1058 Discover Solid]
 <span id="System Settings"></span>
 ===System Settings===
 :The system settings are the unified place where you can change and customize many aspects of the Plasma desktop and KWin such as icon themes, desktop effects and shortcuts.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[[Special:myLanguage/System Settings|System Settings]]
+* [[Special:myLanguage/System Settings|System Settings]]
 <span id="Threadweaver"></span>
 ===Threadweaver===
 :This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ''ThreadWeaver'' provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://www.englishbreakfastnetwork.org/apidocs/apidox-kde-4.0/kdelibs-apidocs/threadweaver/html/Why.html Why Multithreading? (Technical article)]
+* [http://www.englishbreakfastnetwork.org/apidocs/apidox-kde-4.0/kdelibs-apidocs/threadweaver/html/Why.html Why Multithreading? (Technical article)]
 <span id="Virtual Desktops"></span>
 ===Virtual Desktops===
@@ Line 181: / Line 187: @@
 :HTML ''rendering engine'', originating from a fork of [[#KHTML|KHTML]]. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari.
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://webkit.org/ The Webkit home page]
+* [http://webkit.org/ The Webkit home page]
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webkit Wikipedia - Webkit]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webkit Wikipedia - Webkit]
 <span id="Widget"></span>
 ===Widget===
@@ Line 194: / Line 200: @@
 :A programmers' framework for designing the user interface.  It is extensively used by ''KParts''
-''More info'':
+'''More Information''':
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLGUI Wikipedia - XMLGUI]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLGUI Wikipedia - XMLGUI]
-:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_Style_Sheets Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets]
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_Style_Sheets Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets]
 {{Prev|Special:myLanguage/An_introduction_to_KDE|An Introduction to KDE}}