Kubuntu/Programy

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    Oprogramowanie

    Krótki przewodnik po oprogramowaniu, które znajduje się w Kubuntu.

    Gry

    KDE Games zawiera niesamowity wachlarz gier planszowych i logicznych, a także gier zręcznościowych i strategicznych. Zestaw uwzględnia także gry edukacyjne i zabawy dla dzieci. Zajrzyj na stronę KDE Games, aby zobaczyć zrzuty ekranów z gier, lub nawet pograć w nie online. Wszystkie gry są dostępne w repozytorium, za pomocą kilku kliknięć myszą. W Kubuntu można grać również w gry oferowane poprzez Steam i Humble Bundles. Zajrzyj na stronę Steam po szczegółowe instrukcje. Zainstalowane gry znajdziesz w KickOff->Programy->Gry. Następujące gry są zainstalowane domyślnie:

    • Pasjans: (aka KPatience, KPat) jest relaksującym pasjansem, zainstalowanym domyślnie. Aby wygrać, gracz układa pojedynczą talię kart w odpowiedniej kolejności. Wśród dostępnych układów znajdziemy: Asy, Czterdzieści & Osiem, Freecell, Golf, Dziadek, Zegar dziadka, Cyganka, Klondike, Mod3, Prosty Szymon, Pająk i Jukon. Dostępne są również zapasowe zestawy kart i motywów, oraz dostęp do statystyk.

    Następujące gry są dostępne za pomocą kliku kliknięć poprzez Muon Discover, wybierz nazwę Gry i zaznacz typ np. Gry zręcznościowe, następnie umieść kursor myszy nad wybraną grą i kliknij przycisk Zainstaluj.

    Gry zręcznościowe

    • KBounce: jest zręcznościową grą logiczną dla pojedynczego gracza.
    • KBreakOut: Zniszcz tyle klocków, ile zdołasz bez utraty piłki.
    • KDiamond: to układanka dla pojedynczego gracza; utwórz linie z trzech podobnych diamentów.
    • KGoldrunner: Setki poziomów labiryntu, poszukiwanie sztabek złota z wrogami na karku.
    • Kolorowe linie: Zainspirowana przez Color Lines, prosta i wciągająca gra. Jest dostępne demo online tej gry.
    • Kolf: Gra w golfa miniaturowego w widoku 2D z góry na dół. Pola są dynamiczne i nawet 10 osób może grać na raz w konkurencji. Kolf wyposażony różne place zabaw i kursy samouczka.
    • Kollision: Prosta gra polegająca na unikaniu piłek.
    • ToSame: to prosta, ale wymagająca gra polegająca na dobierania kolorów wzorowany na !SameGame. Jasna tablica wypełniona wielobarwnymi kulkami.
    • KSpaceduel: Każdy z dwóch graczy kontroluje satelitarny statek kosmiczny krążący wokół słońca, w celu wyeliminowania statków kosmicznych przeciwnika.

    Planszowe

    • Bovo: to podobna do Gomoku (z Japońskiego 五目並べ - tł. "pięć punktów") gra dla dwóch graczy, gdzie przeciwnicy umieszczają na przemian swoje piktogramy na planszy. (Znana również jako Połącz Pięć, Pięć w Rzędzie, X i O, Kółko i Krzyżyk)
    • KBattleship: Statki są rozmieszczone na planszy (na morzu). Gracze starają się trafić kolejno w każdy statek nie wiedząc gdzie one są rozmieszczone. Pierwszy z graczy, który zniszczy wszystkie statki wygrywa grę.
    • KMahjongg: w tej grze płytki są pomieszane i ustawione jedna na drugiej w pewien wzór. Gracz stara się usunąć wszystkie płytki z planszy poprzez wyszukiwanie pasujących do nich par.
    • KReversi: To jedno-osobowa prosta gra strategiczna przeciwko komputerowi. Jeśli pionek gracza zostanie schwytany przez zawodnika drużyny przeciwnej, wtedy zmienia kolor na kolor tego gracza. Zwycięzcą zostaje ten z graczy, który ma więcej pionków w swoim kolorze na planszy i nie ma już możliwych ruchów.
    • KShisen: is a solitaire-like game played using the standard set of Mahjongg tiles. Unlike Mahjongg however, KShisen has only one layer of scrambled tiles.
    • KFourInLine: Game for two players based on Connect-Four. Build up a row of four pieces using different strategies.

    Card

    • LsKat: Lieutnant Skat (from German "Offiziersskat") is a fun and engaging card game for two players, where the second player is either live opponent, or built-in artificial intelligence. You can also play and test an online demo version of this game.

    Dice

    • Kiriki: is an addictive and fun dice game for KDE, designed to be played by as many as six players. Participants have to collect points by rolling five dice for up to three times per single turn.
    • KJumpingcube: Conquer all squares on a board either by occupying an empty square or conquering your opponent's. A maxed out square will distribute its points around it, causing empty squares to be occupied. Watch out for chain reactions!

    Logic

    • KAtomic: is both fun and educational game built around molecular geometry. It employs simplistic two-dimensional looks at different chemical elements. You can also play an online demo version of this game.
    • KBlackbox: is a game of hide and seek played on a grid of boxes where the computer has hidden several balls.
    • KMines is the classic Minesweeper game. The idea is to uncover all the squares without blowing up any mines. When a mine is blown up, the game is over.
    • KNetwalk: is a single player logic game. Construct the network, connecting all the terminals to the server in the fewest turns possible.
    • KSquares: is a fun and exciting game for desktop environment. The game is modeled after the well-known pen and paper based game of Dots and Boxes.
    • KSudoku: is a logic-based symbol placement puzzle. The player has to fill a grid so that each column, row as well as each square block on the game field contains only one instance of each symbol.
    • Picmi: is a single player logic-based puzzle game. The goal is to color cells according to numbers given at the side of the board in order to uncover a hidden pattern or picture.

    Strategy

    • Konquest: is the KDE version of Gnu-Lactic Konquest. Players conquer other planets by sending ships to them. The goal is to build an interstellar empire and ultimately conquer all other player's planets.
    • KsirK: is a computerized version of a well known strategy board game. KsirK is a multi-player network-playable game with an AI. The goal of the game is to conquer the world by attacking your neighbors with your armies.

    Toy

    • KTuberling: a simple constructor game suitable for children and adults alike. The idea of the game is based around a once popular doll making concept.

    Graphics

    Some basic graphics applications are installed in Kubuntu by default, allowing you to create, view, scan, and manipulate images. The following applications are installed by default:

    • Krita is a popular new painting and drawing application, available by itself or as part of the Calligra Suite.
    • Okular is a universal document viewer for many kinds of documents: PDF, Postscript, !DjVu, CHM, XPS, ePub and others.
    • LibreOffice Draw is an all-purpose diagramming and charting tool which lets you produce anything from a quick sketch to a complex plan, and gives you the means to communicate with graphics and diagrams. With a maximum page size of 300cm by 300cm, Draw is a an excellent package for producing technical drawings, general posters, and much else.
    • Skanlite is a simple image scanning application.
    • Gwenview is an image viewer with many features.
    • Kamoso is a webcam recorder from the KDE community.
    • KSnapshot is the best at desktop screenshots, simple and sweet.

    Other Popular Graphics Software

    More specialized programs for painting, drawing, vector graphics, and photo retouching with three clicks in Muon Discover, select the Graphics tile and then select the type eg. Drawing then hover your mouse over your desired program and click install button.

    Painting & Editing

    • GIMP is an excellent image manipulation application if you need more than !mageMagick.

    Drawing

    • Inkscape is a vector graphics editor that uses the Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file format.

    Photography

    • DigiKam is an advanced digital photo management application.
    • Darktable is a sophisticated program to work with digital negatives and RAW images.

    Publishing

    • Scribus is a desktop publishing program with many features.

    Bring images to life with KDE See Graphics & Imaging for more information.

    Internet

    Kubuntu is set up to get you online; to the Internet, via chat protocols, and even voice (VOIP) and other new voice applications. This page describes software installed by default, and the best and most popular available alternatives.

    Browsers

    This is the default browser shipped with Kubuntu, with a minimal look and advanced features; pre-installed. For more information see Rekonq site and Rekonq Manual.

    Note

    Kubuntu will be shipping with Firefox as the default browser starting in version 14.04


    • Firefox

    Installing Firefox is made easy with the Kubuntu-Firefox-Installer.

    Tip

    Kickoff -> Kubuntu-Firefox-Installer -> Follow the instructions

    For more infomation on how to use Firefox see Firefox Getting Started.

    • Chrome/Chromium

    Chrome is a freeware browser developed by Google; all Chrome releases have been based on the open source version called Chromium. For more information see Features and Chrome on Wikipedia. Install via Muon Discover Internet->Web Browsers.

    Email Clients

    There are many options when it comes to email clients. In Kubuntu, Kmail is default email client, either as a stand-alone client or as part of the Kontact personal information manager (PIM). Kmail is the email component of Kontact, the KDE personal information manager (PIM). Kmail by itself is similar in functionality to other popular email programs, while Kontact is as full-featured as the fanciest personal information managers (PIMs), as it can be configured with calendars, address books, notes, an RSS reader, time tracking, journals and simple project planning. The following are just some of the features of Kmail:

    • IMAP, POP3, SMTP support
    • SSL, TLS, and Digest-md5 secure logon support
    • PGP and GNUPG signatures and encryption support
    • HTML reading, spam filtering, internal character sets, search and filter functions, spell checking, and

    robust searching. More information on Kmail can be found in the KMail documentation.

    Alternatives: All of these can be found in Muon Discover Internet->Mail.

    Chat Clients

    Chatting with friends and family is a popular use of the internet, and Kubuntu provides the necessary applications. There are two default chat clients installed in Kubuntu - KDE Telepathy for instant messaging, and Quassel for chatting on IRC (Internet Relay Chat).

    • KDE Telepathy

    KDE Telepathy is in active development, and already works well for daily use. You will find it already installed and ready to configure.

    • Quassel

    Quassel is the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) client pre-installed in Kubuntu. Not only does it provide functions similar to those of other popular IRC clients such as Konversation, or X-chat, its design emphasizes ease of use. Quassel includes tabbed browsing and notification of messages and other events. Also, it can be connected to a Quassel-core for storage and search of IRC channel logs.

    Alternatives: All of these can be found in Muon Discover Internet->Chat.

    • Konversation

    Konversation is KDE's IRC client; very user-friendly with the advanced features you'd expect.

    Voice over IP (VOIP)

    Voice applications are not installed by default. However, not only the well-known (but not libre) Skype, there are other great free and open choices as well.

    • QuteCom (formerly !WengoPhone)is a free software SIP* compliant (VoIP) client.
    • Ekiga (formerly !GnomeMeeting) is an open source VoIP and video conferencing application for GNOME. Ekiga uses both the H.323 and SIP protocols.
    • Linphone is a web phone: with voice, video, and text instant messaging; SIP-compatible.
    • Mumble is a low-latency, high quality voice chat software.
    • Skype, while not open source, is free, and can be installed. See Skype on Ubuntu for more information.

    KDE software connects you to the world. See Internet, Networking, & Communication for more.

    Multimedia

    The best in multimedia is installed when you open your new Kubuntu installation. If you get an error message about "missing codecs" please install kubuntu-restricted-extras. You can find your Multimedia applications through

    The following applications are installed by default:

    • Pulseaudio

    Pulseaudio keeps all your sound and video inputs and outputs working together. If you need to direct your audio or video output to other devices, install the pavucontrol package, launch it by pressing Alt + F2, then type pavucontrol.

    • Amarok

    Exploring your music in Kubuntu is exciting with the pre-installed Amarok music player. For more about how to use and customize it see Amarok.

    • K3b

    K3b is a simple, powerful and highly-configurable graphical optical disk burning application for audio, video, data projects.

    • Kmix

    Kmix controls all your audio channels.

    • Dragon Player

    Dragon Player is a simple interface for playing your movies, TV shows, and music.

    Other Popular Multimedia Applications

    All of these can be found in Muon Discover Internet->Multimedia.

    • Kid3 tag editor which can generate tags from files or vice-versa, import tags from databases, browse cover arts and lyrics from online resources, drag and drop cover art to a file, export tags, etc.
    • recordMyDesktop is a simple, friendly movie recording software, which allows you to easily create high-quality, impressive animations of your desktop.
    • Kdenlive is an intuitive and powerful multi-track video editor.
    • Tomahawk lets you lay music for many different offline and

    online sources, and share your playlist with your friends.

    • VLC is a player and framework that can handle most audio and video formats you'd want to use, and it also works with DVDs, audio CDs, and much more.
    • Kaffeine is a KDE media player that lets you play DVDs, video and audio CDs, and it has support for DVB devices as well. Whether you want to watch a movie on DVD, play a few songs, or tune into a show on digital TV, Kaffeine is a good choice for KDE users.
    • Banshee has many fans, as it was standard on Ubuntu desktops.
    • Rhythmbox is GNOME’s default music player, and now standard in the Unity Ubuntu desktop.
    • Miro plays video, but also provides the Miro Guide, which hosts all kinds of channels with content from broadcast and cable TV via Hulu. Also offered are podcasts, a video and audio library, and has built-in !BitTorrent to grab content from sites like !LegalTorrents, giving you video, audiobooks, comics, audio and more.
    • MythTV is a very nice, robust media center solution. Heavy users of MythTV might consider installing Mythbuntu on a dedicated media center box.
    • XBMC is a media center with a clean interface and easy-to-use controls.

    External:

    • Blender is 3D content creation software that has created numerous open source video games and movies. This can be found in Muon Discover Graphics->3D.

    KDE brings entertainment to your desktop. See Multimedia, Sound & Video for more.

    Office

    LibreOffice

    The default office suite installed in Kubuntu is LibreOffice. It includes Calc, Draw, Impress, Math, Base and Writer. This suite is the open source equivalent of the Microsoft Office suite and each application corresponds to a similar product in that line.

    • Calc = Excel
    • Writer = Word
    • Impress = Powerpoint
    • Base = Access

    LibreOffice works well with the files created by their Microsoft counterparts, with the exception of Microsoft Access files. For more information see LibreOffice.

    Calligra

    KDE offers the excellent Calligra Suite. Calligra is available for desktop PCs, tablet computers, and smartphones. It contains applications for word processing, spreadsheets, presentation, databases, vector graphics, and digital painting.

    New to the suite is Author, an e-book authoring application with ePUB export. Besides Words, Sheets, Stage, and Kexi, included are the award-winning Krita, digital painting and drawing; Braindump, a notetaking and mindmapping application; Plan, a project management application that can create Gantt charts; Karbon, a vector graphics editor; and Flow, a programmable flowchart drawing program with dynamically loadable stencils.

    All applications available separately or as a suite, from the repositories. For more information see the Calligra Handbooks.

    Personal Information Manager (PIM)

    Installed with your system is the KDE Personal Information Manager Kontact. This includes many tools to manage your life.

    • email
    • contacts
    • diary
    • notes
    • feeds
    • to-do list

    Please see Kontact for more details and help with this fantastic set of tools.

    System Settings

    Information on adjusting stem settings can be found at System Settings

    Utilities

    Your newly installed Kubuntu system has some utilities already installed. One of the most useful is not in your menus; just press ALT + F2. Look at the top of your screen; there is one of your most powerful utilities, called Krunner. See more here: Krunner.

    The following utility applications are installed by default:

    • Kate is the default text editor for KDE. It has many great features for editing plain text or writing code in many different languages.
    • Ark is the default tool for handling archives of files such as tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar and 7z.
    • Klipper is a clipboard to hold copied text for later use. Unlike other clipboards it will hold your entire copied text, rather than just one line.
    • Knotes is a sticky-note application to post notes on your desktop.
    • KCalc offers basic calculator functions and much more.
    • KMag is the screen magnifier from KDE.
    • Konsole is the KDE terminal emulator, it can be used to run console shells.

    Sh

    The Bourne shell (sh) was one of the major shells used in early versions of the Unix operating system and became a de facto standard. Every Unix-like system has at least one shell compatible with the Bourne shell. The Bourne shell program name is sh and it is typically located in the Unix file system hierarchy at /bin/sh. The Bourne shell is usually used as fallback for Bash or another shell. The features of the Bourne shell are quite limited if compared to something like Bash.

    Bash

    Bash stands for "Bourne again shell", a bit of a play on words. For many Linux distribution Bash is the default shell. The Bash command syntax is a superset of the Bourne shell command syntax. Among the features of Bash are: command line editing, command history, the directory stack, the $RANDOM and $PPID variables, and POSIX command substitution syntax $(..)/ When used as an interactive command shell and pressing the tab key, Bash automatically uses command line completion to match partly typed program names, filenames and variable names. Bash syntax simplifies I/O redirection in ways that are not possible in the traditional Bourne shell. For example Bash can redirect standard output (stdout) and standard error (stderr) at the same time using the &> operator.

    Using the Terminal

    Zsh

    The Z shell (zsh) is a Unix shell that can be used as an interactive login shell and as a powerful command interpreter for shell scripting. Zsh can be thought of as an extended Bourne shell with a large number of improvements, including some features of bash, ksh, and tcsh. Among its features are: programmable command-line completion, sharing of command history among all running shells, spelling correction, theme-able prompts and it is fully customizable. Attesting to the sheer size of this shell is the famous first sentence of the shell's manual page, which reads "Because zsh contains many features, the zsh manual has been split into a number of sections", and then goes on to list seventeen items.

    For a comparison of command shells see this page: Comparison of command shells

    Firewall configuration

    Ufw

    Ufw is the default commandline configuration tool for the firewall. Ufw stands for Uncomplicated Firewall, it is develop to ease iptables firewall configuration. For more information about ufw see: UFW

    Gufw

    Gufw is a GUI frontend to ufw. By default it is not installed, to install it run the following command from a terminal (Konsole): sudo apt-get install gufw

    For more information about gufw see: Gufw

    Other Useful Utilities

    Available in the repositories.

    • Filelight creates an interactive map of concentric, segmented rings that help visualise disk usage on your computer.
    • Yakuake is a drop-down terminal emulator based on KDE Konsole technology.
    • Synaptiks is the KDE touchpad configuration tool.

    KDE also brings you utilities, tools, and accessories to ease your work. See Utilities & Tools for more.

    Edukacja

    Informacje o aplikacjach edukacyjnych Kubuntu można znaleźć na stronie: KDE Edu.

    Rozwój

    Kubuntu oferuje narzędzia potrzebne programistom, od prostych edytorów do IDE, wiele języków programowania, kompilatorów i systemów kontroli wersji. Pakiety deweloperskie nie są dostępne domyślnie, ale wszystkie tu wymienione są dostępne w repozytoriach.

    Oprócz programów wymienionych poniżej, KDE oferuje szereg narzędzi rozwojowych i specjalistycznych aplikacji, które są opisane tutaj.

    KDevelop

    Kdevelop to IDE (zintegrowane środowisko programistyczne) dla wszystkich programistów, którzy chcą zintegrować narzędzia potrzebne do tworzenia w komfortowe i proste rozwiązanie. Koncentruje się ono na C ++ i CMake, ale może być stosowany w innych językach, na przykład PHP i Pythonie.

    QtCreator

    Qt Creator jest to wieloplatformowe, zintegrowane środowisko programistyczne (IDE), dostosowane do potrzeb deweloperów Qt. Stanowi on:

    • Edytor kodu C++ i !JavaScript
    • Zintegrowany konstruktor Interfejsu Użytkownika
    • Narzędzia do zarządzania projektem i tworzeniem
    • Nakładki debugowania GDB i CDB
    • Wsparcie dla kontroli wersji, desktopów, systemów wbudowanych oraz przeznaczeń mobilnych.

    Eclipse

    Eclipse to otwarto-źródłowa społeczność, której projekty skupiają się na budowaniu rozszerzalnej platformy rozwoju, czasu opracowywania programów i frameworków do tworzenia, wdrażania i zarządzania oprogramowaniem w całym jego cyklu rozwoju. Eclipse to coś więcej niż tylko IDE Javy.

    Code::Blocks

    Code::Blocks to IDE C++ stworzone by być w pełni konfigurowalne i rozszerzalne.

    Edytory tekstu

    Niektórzy deweloperzy używają prostych edytorów tekstu takich jak: Kate, vim oraz emacs.

    Rozwijanie Androida

    Dla osób zainteresowanych rozwojem Androida, udostępnione zostały `android-tools-adb` oraz `android-tools-fastboot`. Mogą być w tym także przydatne informacje o rozwijaniu ekranów dotykowych w dziale: Plasma Active.

    Systemy kontroli wersji

    Git, Mercurial oraz Bazaar są dostępne w repozytorium, wraz z innymi narzędziami i dodatkami.

    Języki programowania

    Wszystkie popularne języki programowania takie jak Java, Python, Ruby, Lua, Haskell, Go, Perl, Php oraz Lisp są dostępne wraz z kompilatorami dla C++, C, takimi jak g++, gcc i Clang, testowymi frameworkami, narzędziami i innymi pomocnymi pakietami.

    Dostępność

    Informacje o opcjach dostępności w KDE można znaleźć na stronie Accessibility

    Frameworki

    Oprogramowanie środowiska graficznego KDE SC (SC - Software Compilation) jest niesamowite. Są to niektóre z fundamentalnych elementów oprogramowania, które sprawiają, że wszystko działa:

    • Plasma to przestrzeń robocza KDE i jest technologią, która została zaadoptowana na wielu typach urządzeń. Obecnie są trzy warianty Plasmy:
    • Plasma Active nowe, odjazdowe środowisko dla tabletów i smartfonów.
    • KWin jest niezawodnym i elastycznym managerem okien KDE ze sprzętowym wspomaganiem dla efektów, które nadają piękna i użyteczności.
    • Oxygen nadaje pulpitowi odświeżający i zapierający dech w piersiach wygląd.
    • Phonon dostarcza magię dźwięku i wideo dla twojego pulpitu.
    • Solid po prostu pomaga uruchomić twój sprzęt.
    • Nepomuk służy do klasyfikacji, organizacji i prezentacji danych.
    • Akonadi jest odpowiedzialny za dostarczenie aplikacji ze scentralizowaną bazą danych, w celu przechowywania, indeksowania i wyszukiwania informacji osobistych użytkownika.

    Powrót do strony: Kubuntu