Plasma/Krunner/it: Difference between revisions

    From KDE UserBase Wiki
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    |<code> = sqrt(4) + 32*sin(30*pi/180) </code> || 18
    |<code> = sqrt(4) + 32*sin(30*pi/180) </code> || 18
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    '''KRunner''' also supports combinatorics functions, like <code>perm()</code> or <code>comb()</code>.
    Examples:
    {|class="tablecenter" style="border: 1px solid grey"
    | Input || Output
    |-
    |<code> = perm(10,5) </code> || 30240
    |-
    |<code> = comb(10,5) </code> || 252
    |}
    |}



    Revision as of 06:10, 1 November 2017

    KRunner (launched with Alt-F2 or Alt-SPACE) is the launcher built into the Plasma desktop. While its basic function is to launch programs from a sort of mini-command-line, its functionality can be extended by "runners" to assist the user to accomplish a lot of tasks.

    Note

    You may need to install additional KRunner addons package depending on your distribution to use some of the functionalities listed here. Note that a large number of active addons may slow down the start of KRunner, adjust this by clicking the wrench icon.


    Funzioni

    Questo elenco assolutamente incompleto cerca di presentare alcuni esempi d'uso di base di KRunner. Scopri il resto facendo clic sull'icona '?' in KRunner.

    Avviare e fermare le applicazioni

    You can launch programs by simply typing the name of the application you want to launch - or even simpler: press the down-arrow key for list of most recently used programs you typed in beforehand. Note that the down-arrow from the above screenshot is currently no longer existing, so the keyboard instead of the mouse is to be used exclusively.

    You need to type at least three characters to start finding matches. Matches will be found to applications from your easily customizable applications menu (for that, right-click in menu).

    Esempi:

    Digita per
    gwe (avviare Gwenview)

    Puoi utilizzare KRunner anche per terminare le applicazioni. Digita la parola chiave termina seguita dal nome di un processo e KRunner fornirà le opzioni per chiudere l'applicazione (SIGTERM) o terminarla forzatamente (SIGKILL). KRunner mostrerà le corrispondenze tra il nome parziale del processo (almeno tre lettere) e i processi in esecuzione.

    Nota che la parola chiave termina può essere modificata nell'esecutore "Termina applicazioni" per evitare confusione (in inglese la parola chiave è kill) con il comando kill della shell che accetta gli ID dei processi.

    Eseguire comandi (della shell)

    Oltre alle applicazioni elencate nel menu delle applicazioni, KRunner può anche essere utilizzato per eseguire comandi della shell, compreso l'avvio di eseguibili binari. Nota che durante l'inserimento di comandi della shell KRunner non accetterà comandi parziali e non offrirà la funzione di completamento automatico.

    L'esecuzione di un comando di questo tipo comporta la visualizzazione di un'icona di chiave inglese che offre opzioni aggiuntive. Puoi scegliere di aprire un terminale da cui eseguire il comando (può essere utile se il comando produce un risultato di testo che vuoi leggere) o scegliere di eseguire il programma con i permessi di un altro utente (fornendo il nome dell'utente e la password).

    Esempi:

    Comando Risultato
    ls ~/Documenti elenca il contenuto di ~/Documenti (preferibilmente in un terminale)
    cp ~/Documenti/mioFile ~/mioFile copia mioFile da ~/Documenti a ~/
    mplayer mioFilm.mkv riproduce mioFilm.mkv in mplayer

    Inoltre, se ti trovi a tuo agio con la riga di comando, potrai apprezzare l'integrazione con le pagine man. Semplicemente digita un nome di comando preceduto da # per aprire nel tuo browser la pagina del manuale formattata per una facile lettura.

    Esempi:

    Comando Risultato
    #ls apre il manuale di ls in un browser

    Navigare tra i siti web

    Puoi semplicemente iniziare a digitare l'URL di un sito web per aprirlo nel browser predefinito. Puoi anche digitare il nome di un segnalibro di Konqueror e KRunner lo aprirà per te. Se hai visitato il sito web in passato, KRunner può recuperare i risultati anche dalla cronologia del browser.

    Esempi:

    Comando Risultato
    mioSegnalibro apre il segnalibro in un browser
    kde.org apre il sito di KDE in un browser
    http://userbase.kde.org/ apre Userbase in un browser

    KRunner conosce già le tue scorciatoie web in Konqueror, puoi quindi iniziare a utilizzarle direttamente.

    Esempi:

    Comando Risultato
    gg:KDE cerca KDE in Google
    wp:krunner cerca krunner in Wikipedia

    KRunner fornisce anche opzioni per scaricare i file dal web utilizzando KGet partendo dai rispettivi URL.

    Esistono ulteriori esecutori per effettuare ricerche veloci in Wikipedia, Wikitravel e KDE Techbase.

    Aprire file, cartelle e dispositivi

    KRunner può anche aprire i file e le cartelle del tuo computer. Se vuoi, puoi anche sfogliare le cartelle di computer remoti. Nota come KRunner utilizza i kioslave per ssh (fish:) e samba (smb:).

    Esempi:

    Comando Risultato
    file:/home/ apre file:///home/ (la cartella Home) in Dolphin
    file:mioFilm.mkv apre /home/mioFilm.mkv
    fish:[email protected] apre fish:/[email protected]/ tramite il protocollo fish (file over ssh)
    smb:mioPCWindows apre smb:/mioPCWindows tramite Samba

    If you don't know the path to a file, simply type the name of the file. If the file is a recently opened document, KRunner will list it for you. If you have the Nepomuk subsystem installed, you can also search your computer for the file by its indexed contents. KRunner will also open folders you've bookmarked in Dolphin (in your Places sidebar) if you type their name in. What's more, if you want to access devices on your system (both mounted and unmounted), you can do that, too. KRunner will even provide device-specific options.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    Home opens the Home directory in Dolphin
    myFlashDrive shows options to mount or open the contents of myFlashDrive

    Gestire più sessioni, finestre, desktop e attività

    Several KDE applications allow you to save and load sessions. KRunner allows you to launch these sessions. You can either type in the name of the application or directly type in the name of the session. Runners exist for opening sessions saved in Kate, Konqueror, Konsole, etc.

    KRunner is a multitasker's dream. If you have too many windows open, just type in the title of the window and switch directly to it. You can similarly type in the name of a virtual desktop and switch directly to it. If you roll with activities, switch activities by typing their name in. KRunner will find a match as soon as you type three characters in.

    KRunner will even switch desktop sessions for you. Type in the keyword switch or new session to start a separate X session. You can switch back and forth between sessions by using the switch keyword.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    Desktop 1 switches the virtual desktop to Desktop 1
    myWorkActivity switches the activity to myWorkActivity
    switch shows options to switch to an existing session or start a new one

    Several plasma widgets can be launched as windowed applications. You can simply type the name of a widget and KRunner will launch a window for you.

    Comunicare con altre persone

    Type in the name of a contact in your KAddressBook to get a list of options to contact them. Typing in an email address into KRunner will open a KMail composer window. You can also search through contacts in your Kopete contact list.

    The addressbook and kopete runners don't seem to be working in SC 4.8.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    [email protected] compose a mail to the KDE mailing list
    myContact show options to contact myContact

    Ascoltare un po' di musica

    You can control any modern audio player such as Amarok using KRunner. You can use several keywords (all configurable) to play, pause or skip songs. Typing in the name of an artist, album or song that is in Amarok's library will let you either play immediately, play next (queue) or play at the end (append) of the current playlist. You can use keywords to increase or decrease the volume of the player, or even to mute or quit it.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    play song search plays a song immediately
    pause pauses Amarok or your designated music player
    next plays next song in playlist

    Ricavare data e ora

    You can get the current date or time by typing in the keywords date or time. Selecting the result will copy it to your clipboard so you can paste it elsewhere. The format of the date and time respects your system settings.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    date Today's date is ...
    time The current time is ...

    You can even get the date and time at another location by specifying the time zone or the city listed in the TZ database.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    time UTC The current time in UTC is ...
    time oslo The current time in Europe/Oslo is ...
    time kolkata The current time in Asia/Kolkata is ...

    There is a runner for interfacing with Korganizer and fetching events, but it doesn't seem to be working in SC 4.8.

    Calcolatrice

    KRunner features a very versatile calculator that can be called by starting or ending a calculation with an = sign. In addition to basic arithmetic, you can call scientific functions like sqrt(), sin(), log(), etc. A list of the supported functions is here. Note that trigonometric functions like sin(), cos(), etc expect the angle in radians. KRunner understands pi in expressions.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    32*12 = 384
    = sqrt(4) + 32*sin(30*pi/180) 18

    KRunner also supports combinatorics functions, like perm() or comb().

    Examples:

    Input Output
    = perm(10,5) 30240
    = comb(10,5) 252

    KRunner can also handle symbolic mathematics and perform integration and differentiation on expressions

    Examples:

    Input Output
    = integrate( -x/y^2, y ) -x/y
    diff( log(x) ) = 1/x

    You can also use KRunner to solve polynomial functions to find its roots.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    = solve( x^2 + 4*x - 21 = 0 ) [3, -7]

    KRunner intelligently handles units as part of the calculations. Try the following examples to see how.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    = 2.5 kg * 10 m/s^2 25 N
    220 V / 10 A = 22 ohms

    Since KRunner understands most units, you can use it to convert them very quickly. Note that unit conversions don't require an = sign.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    30 F -1.11111 degrees C (°C), 273.039 K, ...
    27.8 km 1.09449e+06 inches (in), 17.2742 miles (mi), ...
    5 gallons in liters 18.9271 liters (l)

    KRunner knows currencies, too. Conversions between currencies is done by fetching the exchange rate from the European Central Bank website.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    1 dollar 0.657002 pounds sterling (GBP), 0.742501 euros (EUR), ...
    125 euros 110.606 pounds sterling (GBP), 15,785 yen (JPY), ...
    30 JPY in RUB 9.40731 rubles (RUB)

    Andare in posti specifici

    If you have bookmarked locations in the Marble (in OpenStreetMap), KRunner can open the map directly.

    Correzione ortografica e caratteri speciali

    KRunner can tell you whether your spelling is correct and/or suggest corrections. The default keyword to start the spellchecker is spell and can be configured.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    spell linux Suggested words: Linux, lynx, ...

    KRunner can also allow you to pick special characters if you can specify the hexadecimal unicode for the character, preceded by a # sign.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    #03b2 β
    #00b1 ±

    Gestire il computer

    You can directly open system settings control modules from KRunner. Often, if you want to change something, just type associated terms and KRunner will find the control module with the settings you want.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    keyboard opens the Keyboard settings control module
    fonts opens the fonts settings control module
    password opens the Password & User account control module

    KRunner can also be used to adjust the screen brightness by using the keywords "screen brightness". You can specify a percentage or just turn the brightness halfway or fully down. Additionally, keywords exist to suspend, logout, shutdown or restart your machine.

    Examples:

    Input Output
    screen brightness 100 increases screen brightness to 100%
    sleep suspends computer to RAM
    lock locks the screen

    Utilizzo

    Aprire KRunner

    The easiest way to open KRunner is to trigger its global shortcut (Alt+F2, by default). In some activities (e.g. Desktop), you can simply click on the desktop and start typing. In others (e.g. Search and Launch), KRunner may be built into the activity itself.

    You can also right-click on your plasma workspace and select Run Command... or just simply launch it from the commandline by typing krunner.

    Utilizzare KRunner

    Use Tab or Shift+Tab to navigate up and down results. Use arrow keys to move between options (if any) in a result. Use Enter (or left click) to select a result.

    Scoprire KRunner

    Click on the wrench icon to bring up configuration options where you can enable/disable/configure runners that will process your searches. Additional options are available to change the position on the screen where krunner appears. You can even change the style to a task-oriented interface, if you like.

    Clicking on the waveform icon (currently no longer existing) had opened the System Monitor.

    Clicking on the '?' icon opens a scrollable list that explains the syntax of all the available runners. This is a good way to discover new functionality!

    Suggerimenti, trucchi e domande frequenti

    You can use KRunner in a special "single runner" mode. While in this mode, krunner will only have one active runner to process your searches. This feature isn't supported by all runners, but quite a few already do. Open the global keyboard shortcuts control module directly from krunner and choose the "Run Command Interface" to see what's available. Set a global shortcut for the mode you want and launch krunner in that mode. You can have as many modes as you can find shortcuts for.

    This blog covers some of the advanced usage of the calculator runner.