Plasma
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Information
An introduction: what Plasma is, and what it does
Plasma provides the desktop interface for KDE 4, including the application launcher (start menu), the desktop and the desktop panel (often referred to simply as the task bar).
Plasma at a glance
A typical Plasma desktop looks like this:
The three key components of a Plasma desktop are:
- The panel, better known as task bar, which provides room for the application launcher, the list of tasks (programs), clock and system tray;
- The desktop, the area where widgets (icons and applets) reside;
- The Plasma toolbox in the upper right corner of the screen, better known as the cashew. An analogous cashew is present on the panel.
Finding your way around Plasma
You can use Plasma as you would use the desktop of any other operating system, by accessing the application menu (K Menu), viewing the currently active programs on the taskbar, accessing icons on the system tray, and so on.
An important part of Plasma are the so-called widgets. Widgets are the individual units of the desktop and they include (although they are not limited to) the application menu, icons, the system tray, the clock... Widgets can exist on the desktop itself, or be inserted in the panel. Panels and desktops are actually special kinds of widgets, meant to contain other widgets (in Plasma terms, they are called "Containments").
How does that relate with desktop usage? Plasma has also some new features with respect to traditinal desktop usage. We have already mentioned the "cashews": those are the way to start interacting and customizing Plasma. By clicking on them, a menu will pop up on the screen with a variety of choices:from there you can add widgets to your panel or desktop, resize, add or remove panels, and other operations.
Desktop and icons
As you may notice from the screenshot, there are no icons placed directly on the desktop. Instead, they are placed inside a container, better known as Folder View. Although there are a number of technical reasons for doing so, the Folder View can perfectly act as a desktop replacement (in fact, it shows the Desktop folder by default). You can drag icons over it, cut, copy, paste, rename files and also create new folders/files.
The main differences from the usual Desktop folder are essentially two:
- You can have more than one Folder View on the desktop itself;
- You can set Folder View to show also different folders (both local and on the network).
Aside from the Folder View, you can put on the desktop all kinds of widgets, such as weather reporting widgets, notes widgets, file watchers... There are no limits on what you can customize.
Applets,Widgets and Plasmoids
In KDE 3 we were used to seeing Applets. In KDE 4 we have Widgets and Plasmoids. Is there a difference - well, Widgets is the generic term, including not only native Plasmoids, but also ones from other sources such as Google Gadgets. Plasmoids are widgets that are a native part of Plasma.
Widgets that are docked into the panel usually have an Options menu, while those on the desktop have the configuration options within the 'handle', the shaded area which pops up, sometimes right or sometimes left of the widget. Clicking and holding the mouse on the blank part of the handle will allow you to drag the widget to the desired position.
You have three tools on this handle. The top one is the re-sizer. Click and hold on the tool and you can drag the size.
The second tool is a rotate tool. Again, click and hold the tool, while rotating to desired angle.
Finally, the wrench or spanner gives access to the controls applicable to that particular plasmoid.
Some of our favourite widgets are discussed on the Plasmoid page
Start menus etc.
Panels
What to do with panels, how to manipulate them, etc.
Advanced usage
Special cases not covered here
Activities and the Zooming User Interface (ZUI)
KDE 4 has brought a lot of new features to the modern linux desktop, however many people are only using a fraction of the desktop's full potential. One of the most useful and underused features is the plasma activities. The basic idea behind are that, is that your desktop space is limited to how many widgets it can hold. A user will want to use a lot of widgets but doesn't want their desktop to be cluttered. The answer to this problem is activities; they allow you to specialize each desktop to whatever task you need to accomplish. To make a new activity you have to click on the cashew in the upper right hand corner, from there click zoom out. The desktop will zoom out then click add new activity under the small desktop. It will make a new desktop right next to it. now go click the zoom in button under the new desktop. with this desktop you can add whatever widgets to this desktop and it will not affect the other desktop.
Use Cases
A user likes web comics so they add their favorite web comics via the comics widget. The user now has a full desktop activity dedicated to their favorite web comics. Now the user is happy with the web comics, but the user now has to go to work, so the user creates a activity with the folder view widgets set to the folders of the projects the user is currently working on. After work the user goes home and works on a side project of writing romance novels. The user always gains inspiration by looking at pictures of the user's significant other. The user now creates a new Activity but now puts pictures frame widgets with pictures of the user's significant other. The user also has a folder view of the romance novel project folder. Now no matter what the user is doing the user has a custom tailored activity to match it.
Further information
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