KMail/PGP MIME/uk

Налаштування підписування повідомлень за допомогою GPG у KMail

© Fajar Priyanto, 2004

Створення, збереження та оприлюднення вашого ключа

1. Вам знадобиться програма gpg. Ця програма є частиною типового комплекту програм дистрибутива.

2. Створіть ваш власний ключ (виконайте команду від вашого користувача, не від користувача root):

gpg --gen-key

Виконайте настанови програми: вони очевидні і прості.

3. Перевірте, чи створено ключ:

gpg --list-key

Ви маєте побачити щось подібне до наведеного нижче (ви бачите реєстраційні дані автора статті):

:pub 1024D/85EEC6A5 2004-03-15 Fajar Priyanto (Knowledge is power! http://linux.arinet.org) sub 1024g/BBBB57F3 2004-03-15

4. Зверніть увагу на наведені вище дані. 85EEC6A5 — ідентифікатор ключа. Тепер експортуйте ваш відкритий ключ:

:gpg -ao fajar-pub.key --export 85EEC6A5

У відповідь у поточному каталозі має бути створено файл з назвою fajar-pub.key. У цьому файлі зберігаються дані копії вашого відкритого ключа. Цей файл мають імпортувати отримувачі вашої кореспонденції для перевірки ваших підписаних повідомлень. Ви можете оприлюднити цей ключ на серверах ключів, надіслати його отримувачам за запитом або розмістити його на вашому веб-сайті для звантаження.

Якщо ви зазирнете до файла ви побачите щось таке:

-- --BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-- --

Version: GnuPG v1.2.3 (GNU/Linux)

mQGiBEBVTw8RBACaYvnDkgqNWyktg3urdE9mrpv63x3Iux2zVkuZk8pIRp5HeR/V

[пропущено...]

B394acuU4FdGN/EynYUAn1aRvNmgs0/IU2MDzYQpbHIaqpkE

=B0cy

-- --END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-- --

Крім того, вам варто створити резервну копію вашого закритого ключа на якомусь безпечному носії даних (однієї дискети для цього замало: її може бути пошкоджено). Скористайтеся такою командою:

$ gpg -ao secret.asc --export-secret-keys 85EEC6A5

У відповідь буде створено текстовий файл з даними вашого закритого ключа та назвою secret.asc. Доступ до цього файла не слід надавати нікому. Сховайте файл у безпечному місці (або, краще, у декількох місцях).

Finally, it is advisable to generate a revocation certificate and store it in a safe place away from your secret key. In case your secret key gets into the wrong hands, you can revoke it so it can not easily be abused by others. The command to do this is

$ gpg -a -o revoker.asc --gen-revoke 85EEC6A5

This will create a textfile with the name revoker.asc containing the revocation certificate.

Setting up Kmail to sign emails using your gpg key

1. Fire up Kmail, and go to Setting -> Configure Kmail -> Identities
2. Choose the identity that you are using
3. Then click Modify -> Advance -> OpenPGP Key
4. It will automatically go to the path of your gpgkey, that is ~/.gnupg
5. Click on the key ID then OK
6. Now, set up Kmail to automatically sign all emails that you write using your key
7. Still in the Kmail Configure menu, go to Security -> General
8. Tick mark these:
   1. Show signed/encrypted message after composing,
   2. Always show the encryption key for approval,
   3. Automatically sign messages using OpenPGP?
9. Exit the configuration menu by clicking OK.

Testing Kmail by creating a new message

1. You will notice that there is a Sign Message icon right after the paperclip (attachment) icon. It's already active.
2. Write your message and when you are done, send it.
3. Kmail will ask for you to type the secret passphrase that you made during the gpg --gen-key step. Type it in, and then Kmail will show you a confirmation window of the signed message. Click OK to send it.
4. If you test it by sending to yourself, you will notice that Kmail displays the message with a GREEN header, with words like this: Message was signed by Fajar Priyanto (Knowledge is power! http://linux.arinet.org) (Key ID: 0x85EEC6A5). The signature is valid and the key is ultimately trusted.
5. People that have your public key will have that display also, but those who don't have the key, will have the message displayed in yellow with words like this: Message was signed with unknown key 0xBFE7357F. The validity of the signature cannot be verified.

CONGRATULATIONS!

You now can communicate in a more secure way if you want to. I know this how-to is very short and might not be very clear. Well, please give me suggestions and I will improve it when the time comes. Also I intend to write the second part of this topic which covers how to ENCRYPT messages, import other public keys, and install Crypto Plug-ins. Special thanks to Tim Sawchuck and Philip Cronje and all my friends in the Mandrake List.

Issues

• Messages signed by a key already known display correctly in KMail, but new keys were not being imported, and you can't sign messages. The culprit is a missing package. Installing pinentry-qt (you may need pinentry-qt4) appears to solve both problems.

• KMail no longer does in-line signatures. OpenGPG has to be used instead. KGpg is a useful applet that helps in the management of signatures, both your own and those collected.

• If OpenGPG is functioning correctly you will have to give the pass-phrase every time you send a document that is to be signed. This soon becomes a pain, and the way out of that is to configure gpg-agent, which comes with kdebase-common package. Unfortunately, the install does not pick up the need for pinentry-qt(4) or pinentry-gtk (KDE or GNOME), so that has to be installed separately. The config file for gpg-agent is written to by KMail's settings.

Note

To be sure the "passphrase agent" (gpg-agent) is enabled, check your ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf and eventually uncomment the line containing "use-agent".
In KMail's Settings -> Configure KMail -> Security tab -> Crypto Backends, select OpenGPG, then Configure. On the GPG Agent page, give a path to which logs can be written, in case of problems. You can check the log in KMail's Tools -> GnuPG Log Viewer. It's probably a good idea, too, to increase the cache time - I use 3600.

Warning

The following startup and shutdown scripts may be already in use from your distro, but not written in this path. Do not install these scripts unless you have problems with startup and shutdown

• If you do not have it already, in ~/.kde create a directory called env. In there, create a file called gpgagent.sh containing

#!/bin/bash
killall gpg-agent
eval `gpg-agent --daemon`

Save it and make it executable.

In the same way you would clean up gpg-agent on shutdown, so if you do not have it already, create another directory called shutdown into ~/.kde and create in it another script file called stop_gpgagent.sh containing

#!/bin/bash
killall gpg-agent

Save it and make it executable.

Troubleshooting Tips

 grep gpg-agent 

will list any running instances of gpg-agent.

killall gpg-agent

stops all instances

eval "$(gpg-agent --daemon)"

will restart the agent

{Input|1=gpg-agent status}}should tell you if the agent is running.