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Message definition (Sound Problems)

==Understanding sound==
In order to understand KDE sound, you have to understand Linux sound (this chapter assumes you are running your KDE on Linux). There are two types of sound systems that run on Linux: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture ''ALSA''] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Sound_System ''OSS'']. Both provide their own sound card drivers. ALSA only runs on Linux, OSS runs on many UNIX systems. ALSA allows several applications to access the sound card at the same time, OSS does not. OSS provides a device for sound output. This device can only be accessed by one application at a time. To decrease confusion, ALSA emulates OSS and also provides a device as interface to the sound card. As well ALSA as OSS calls the device for the sound card /dev/dsp usually. '''PulseAudio''', in some distros, provides another layer above these. Its job is to handle multiple streams, so that, for instance, you can receive a message notification at the same time as listening to music.

理解音效

为了理解KDE的音效，你必须了解Linux声音系统（这个章节假定你是在Linux上跑KDE）。有两种类型的声音系统运行在Linux上： ALSA和OSS。两者都提供他们自己的声卡驱动。ALSA只能在Linux上用，OSS可以在多种UNIX系统上用。ALSA允许多个程序同时访问声卡，OSS 不行。OSS提供一个设备来输出声音。这个设备在一个时间只能被一个程序访问。为了减少混乱，ALSA模拟了OSS，也提供一个设备作为声卡的接口。通常 ALSA和OSS一样将声卡的设备命名为/dev/dsp。在某些发行版中用的 PulseAudio，提供了上述那些之上的另一层（layer）。它的任务是处理多个音频流，以便，举个例子，你可以在听音乐的同时接受到消息通知。