Tutorials/Using Other Window Managers with Plasma/zh-cn

介绍

在Plasma中，默认的窗口管理器(WM)是KWin，它有很多特性，但是它只支持浮动窗口。Plasma允许你使用其他的窗口管理器，比如 i3, bspwm 或者 任何其他的平铺窗口管理器

Plasma 使用i3作为窗口管理器

Warning

切换窗口管理器功能仅在使用X.org时才可用，目前还不能用于Wayland会话。随着Wayland的成熟和Wayland扩展的标准化，这个功能才可能在Wayland中实现。

大多数窗口管理器很少需要对其配置文件进行更改。

使用另一个窗口管理器时需要注意的一些事项:

• 平铺窗口管理器在使用组件(如面板)时可能会有问题。对于某些配置，某些选项将有助于缓解问题

大多数窗口管理器没有自己的混成器(compositors)，因此缺乏像动画和透明度这样的特性。如果想要这些特性，就需要安装一个混成器 - 参见Arch Wiki

• • 混成器也可以帮助解决屏幕撕裂，但在大多数情况下，检查视频驱动程序往往是更高效的方案。

在Plasma中使用其他的窗口管理器

To use a different window manager with Plasma, replace the systemd service for KWin with a new user unit for your preferred WM. A tutorial can be found in the ArchWiki.

I3 配置

To make a non-standard WM work well with Plasma, some additional configuration may be required.

i3

安装

在开始配置之前，您应该确保系统上安装了i3或i3-gap。如果没有，请使用包管理器或Discover 安装这两个包中的一个。

配置I3

当你第一次启动i3时，它的默认全局配置(在/etc/i3/config)将启动i3配置向导(i3-config-wizard)， 它会让你选择一个键作为Mod键，并在~/.i3/config生成用户本地配置。

如果您希望跨用户维护相同的配置(用户仍然可以用自己的本地配置覆盖它)，请从全局配置文件中删除向导调用，直接使用全局配置文件。

下面的i3窗口规则将帮助你处理通知和其他一些Plasma窗口:

for_window [title="Desktop — Plasma"] kill; floating enable; border none
for_window [class="plasmashell"] floating enable;
for_window [class="Plasma"] floating enable; border none
for_window [title="plasma-desktop"] floating enable; border none
for_window [title="win7"] floating enable; border none
for_window [class="krunner"] floating enable; border none
for_window [class="Kmix"] floating enable; border none
for_window [class="Klipper"] floating enable; border none
for_window [class="Plasmoidviewer"] floating enable; border none
for_window [class="(?i)*nextcloud*"] floating disable
for_window [class="plasmashell" window_type="notification"] floating enable, border none, move right 700px, move down 450px
no_focus [class="plasmashell" window_type="notification"] 

如果你使用非英语安装的Plasma，你需要找出桌面的确切窗口标题是什么。一种方法是使用wmctrl -l。

比如这行

for_window [title="Desktop — Plasma"] kill; floating enable; border none

将窗口的名称添加到i3配置。这个例子是德语安装的Plasma。

通知的定位可能很棘手，因为并非所有通知的大小都取决于其内容。你也可以使用坐标定位，知道你的屏幕分辨率。例如，对于一个1920x1080的屏幕设置右上角的通知，可以使用这样的配置：

for_window [class="plasmashell" window_type="notification"] floating enable, border none, move position 1450px 20px

If you want to unlock KWallet automatically on login, configure PAM and then add the following line to your i3 configuration file:

exec --no-startup-id /usr/lib/pam_kwallet_init

配置 Plasma

你可能会遇到与“Activities”功能相关的问题-快捷键(其中一些也被i3使用，如“Meta + Q”)，似乎让i3没有响应。移除与Activity相关的全局快捷方式似乎可以解决这个问题。

如果要通过Plasma提供的类似i3bar那样的Pager显示，设置 Pager Settings > General > Text display 变为"Desktop name"

Bspwm

For the most part, bspwm requires little additional configuration.

• A single Plasma panel, in most cases, is detected properly and bspwm will not place windows in its space. If the panel ends up presenting a problem, or when using multiple panels, the following may be added to .bspwmrc

  bspc config top_padding size

  where size is the size of the panel in pixels. Also valid are bottom_padding, left_padding, and right_padding. As many of these directives may be used as necessary for multiple panels.

awesomewm

Following rules help Plasma to work as intended. Add these entries into awful.rules.rules table

{ -- General plasma rules
    rule_any = {
        class = {
            "plasmashell",
            "ksmserver-logout-greeter",
        },
    },
    properties = {
        floating = true,
        border_width = 0,
        titlebars = false, -- custom property to control titlebars
    },

},
{ -- KDE apps
    rule_any = {
        class = {
            "spectacle",
            "krunner"
        }
    },
    properties = {
        floating = true,
    }
},

Plasma widgets hide when they become unfocused. We do not want Desktop and Panel to be focusable, but want other plasmashell windows to remain focusable. A way to achieve this is with "manage" signal handler. An example handler:

client.connect_signal("manage", function(c)
--... your config

if c.type == "dock" -- Plasma Panel
    or c.type == "desktop" then -- Plasma Desktop
    c.focusable = false
    c:tags(c.screen.tags) -- show on all tags from this screen.
end

-- Show titlebars only if enabled.
if c.titlebars then 
    awful.titlebar.show(c)
else
    awful.titlebar.hide(c)
end

-- Place floating windows. Plasma widgets provide this info
 if c.floating then
    if c.size_hints.user_position then
        c.x = c.size_hints.user_position.x
        c.y = c.size_hints.user_position.y
    end
    if c.size_hints.user_size then
        c.width = c.size_hints.user_size.width
        c.height = c.size_hints.user_size.height
    end
end
..
end)

You may match Plasma Desktop using the following rule:

 rule_any = {
     name = {
       "Desktop.*Plasma",
     },
 },

Hints and Tips

DBus

Since Meta key handling is in part performed by KWin, you will have to handle these shortcuts manually when you switch to a different window manager.

You can open some Plasma components with DBus commands. You can use this to map corresponding keybindings to DBus commands. To find a specific DBus command, you can look at dbus-monitor or qdbusviewer while you invoke the component in a standard Plasma set-up.

More info on meta key handling:

• Reddit post describing the Meta key - KWin relation

• Blog post describing the DBus - Component relation

Some examples:

• Open Application Launcher

  qdbus org.kde.plasmashell /PlasmaShell org.kde.PlasmaShell.activateLauncherMenu

• Open Krunner

  qdbus org.kde.kglobalaccel /component/krunner org.kde.kglobalaccel.Component.invokeShortcut 'run command'

• Open logout confirmation screen

  qdbus org.kde.ksmserver /KSMServer org.kde.KSMServerInterface.logout -1 -1 -1

For i3, you can map a keybinding with the bindsym command. Use --no-startup-id to prevent the command from generating "i3" entries in the task manager.

Example:

bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec --no-startup-id <command>

If you want to map the modifier key itself, use the bindcode command - you have to specify the keycode generated by the key, which you can get via the xev utility.

Example for the Meta key:

bindcode 133 --release exec --no-startup-id <command>

For Bspwn, you need to use the bspc program. See Arch Linux wiki for more information.

More Information

• Window managers (Wikipedia)
• Window managers (Arch Linux wiki)
• Desktop environment (Wikipedia)
• Desktop environment (Arch Linux wiki)