教程/在Plasma中使用其他的窗口管理器
介绍
在Plasma中，默认的窗口管理器(WM)是KWin，它有很多特性，但是它只支持浮动窗口。Plasma允许你使用其他的窗口管理器，比如 i3, bspwm 或者 任何其他的平铺窗口管理器
Warning
大多数窗口管理器很少需要对其配置文件进行更改。
使用另一个窗口管理器时需要注意的一些事项:
- 平铺窗口管理器在使用组件(如面板)时可能会有问题。对于某些配置，某些选项将有助于缓解问题
大多数窗口管理器没有自己的混成器(compositors)，因此缺乏像动画和透明度这样的特性。如果想要这些特性，就需要安装一个混成器 - 参见Arch Wiki
- 混成器也可以帮助解决屏幕撕裂，但在大多数情况下，检查视频驱动程序往往是更高效的方案。
在Plasma中使用其他的窗口管理器
To use a different window manager with Plasma, replace the systemd service for KWin with a new user unit for your preferred WM. A tutorial can be found in the ArchWiki.
I3 配置
To make a non-standard WM work well with Plasma, some additional configuration may be required.
i3
安装
在开始配置之前，您应该确保系统上安装了i3或i3-gap。如果没有，请使用包管理器或Discover 安装这两个包中的一个。
配置I3
当你第一次启动i3时，它的默认全局配置(在/etc/i3/config)将启动i3配置向导(i3-config-wizard)， 它会让你选择一个键作为Mod键，并在~/.i3/config生成用户本地配置。
如果您希望跨用户维护相同的配置(用户仍然可以用自己的本地配置覆盖它)，请从全局配置文件中删除向导调用，直接使用全局配置文件。
下面的i3窗口规则将帮助你处理通知和其他一些Plasma窗口:
for_window [title="Desktop — Plasma"] kill; floating enable; border none for_window [class="plasmashell"] floating enable; for_window [class="Plasma"] floating enable; border none for_window [title="plasma-desktop"] floating enable; border none for_window [title="win7"] floating enable; border none for_window [class="krunner"] floating enable; border none for_window [class="Kmix"] floating enable; border none for_window [class="Klipper"] floating enable; border none for_window [class="Plasmoidviewer"] floating enable; border none for_window [class="(?i)*nextcloud*"] floating disable for_window [class="plasmashell" window_type="notification"] floating enable, border none, move right 700px, move down 450px no_focus [class="plasmashell" window_type="notification"]
如果你使用非英语安装的Plasma，你需要找出桌面的确切窗口标题是什么。一种方法是使用wmctrl -l。
比如这行
for_window [title="Desktop — Plasma"] kill; floating enable; border none
将窗口的名称添加到i3配置。这个例子是德语安装的Plasma。
通知的定位可能很棘手，因为并非所有通知的大小都取决于其内容。你也可以使用坐标定位，知道你的屏幕分辨率。例如，对于一个1920x1080的屏幕设置右上角的通知，可以使用这样的配置：
for_window [class="plasmashell" window_type="notification"] floating enable, border none, move position 1450px 20px
If you want to unlock KWallet automatically on login, configure PAM and then add the following line to your i3 configuration file:
exec --no-startup-id /usr/lib/pam_kwallet_init
配置 Plasma
你可能会遇到与“Activities”功能相关的问题-快捷键(其中一些也被i3使用，如“Meta + Q”)，似乎让i3没有响应。移除与Activity相关的全局快捷方式似乎可以解决这个问题。
如果要通过Plasma提供的类似i3bar那样的Pager显示，设置 Pager Settings > General > Text display 变为"Desktop name"
Bspwm
For the most part, bspwm requires little additional configuration.
- A single Plasma panel, in most cases, is detected properly and bspwm will not place windows in its space. If the panel ends up presenting a problem, or when using multiple panels, the following may be added to .bspwmrc
bspc config top_padding size
where size is the size of the panel in pixels. Also valid are bottom_padding, left_padding, and right_padding. As many of these directives may be used as necessary for multiple panels.
awesomewm
Following rules help Plasma to work as intended.
Add these entries into awful.rules.rules table
{ -- General plasma rules
rule_any = {
class = {
"plasmashell",
"ksmserver-logout-greeter",
},
},
properties = {
floating = true,
border_width = 0,
titlebars = false, -- custom property to control titlebars
},
},
{ -- KDE apps
rule_any = {
class = {
"spectacle",
"krunner"
}
},
properties = {
floating = true,
}
},
Plasma widgets hide when they become unfocused. We do not want Desktop and Panel to be focusable, but want other plasmashell windows to remain focusable. A way to achieve this is with "manage" signal handler. An example handler:
client.connect_signal("manage", function(c)
--... your config
if c.type == "dock" -- Plasma Panel
or c.type == "desktop" then -- Plasma Desktop
c.focusable = false
c:tags(c.screen.tags) -- show on all tags from this screen.
end
-- Show titlebars only if enabled.
if c.titlebars then
awful.titlebar.show(c)
else
awful.titlebar.hide(c)
end
-- Place floating windows. Plasma widgets provide this info
if c.floating then
if c.size_hints.user_position then
c.x = c.size_hints.user_position.x
c.y = c.size_hints.user_position.y
end
if c.size_hints.user_size then
c.width = c.size_hints.user_size.width
c.height = c.size_hints.user_size.height
end
end
..
end)
You may match Plasma Desktop using the following rule:
rule_any = {
name = {
"Desktop.*Plasma",
},
},
Hints and Tips
DBus
Since Meta key handling is in part performed by KWin, you will have to handle these shortcuts manually when you switch to a different window manager.
You can open some Plasma components with DBus commands. You can use this to map corresponding keybindings to DBus commands. To find a specific DBus command, you can look at dbus-monitor or qdbusviewer while you invoke the component in a standard Plasma set-up.
More info on meta key handling:
Some examples:
- Open Application Launcher
qdbus org.kde.plasmashell /PlasmaShell org.kde.PlasmaShell.activateLauncherMenu
- Open Krunner
qdbus org.kde.kglobalaccel /component/krunner org.kde.kglobalaccel.Component.invokeShortcut 'run command'
- Open logout confirmation screen
qdbus org.kde.ksmserver /KSMServer org.kde.KSMServerInterface.logout -1 -1 -1
For i3, you can map a keybinding with the bindsym command. Use --no-startup-id to prevent the command from generating "i3" entries in the task manager.
Example:
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec --no-startup-id <command>
If you want to map the modifier key itself, use the bindcode command - you have to specify the keycode generated by the key, which you can get via the xev utility.
Example for the Meta key:
bindcode 133 --release exec --no-startup-id <command>
For Bspwn, you need to use the bspc program. See Arch Linux wiki for more information.
More Information
- Window managers (Wikipedia)
- Window managers (Arch Linux wiki)
- Desktop environment (Wikipedia)
- Desktop environment (Arch Linux wiki)