KDevelop5/Підручник/Сеанси і проекти

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Сеанси і проекти: основи KDevelop

У цьому розділі ми оглянемо деякі питання щодо термінології, використаної у KDevelop, та структури роботи у середовищі. Зокрема, ми поговоримо про поняття сеанси і проекти та пояснимо, як налаштовувати проекти, над якими ви маєте намір працювати у KDevelop.

Термінологія

У KDevelop використано поняття сеанси та проекти. У сеансі містяться всі проекти, чимось пов’язані між собою. У наведених нижче прикладах ми припускаємо, що ви є розробником одночасно бібліотеки та програми, яка використовує цю бібліотеку. Прикладом подібної схеми розробки є бібліотеки KDE (бібліотека) і саме середовище KDevelop (програма). Інший приклад: ви є розробником ядра Linux і одночасно працюєте над драйвером пристрою для Linux, який ще не включено до ядра.

У останньому прикладі у нас був би сеанс KDevelop з двома проектами: ядром Linux і драйвером пристрою. Варто згрупувати ці проекти у одному сеансі (замість двох сеансів для кожного окремого проекту), оскільки корисно бачити функції та структури даних ядра у KDevelop, коли ви пишете код драйвера: ви, наприклад, зможете скористатися автодоповненням назв функцій та змінних ядра або переглянути документацію з функції ядра під час розробки драйвера пристрою.

Now imagine you also happen to be a KDE developer. Then you would have a second session that contains KDE as a project. You could in principle have just one session for all of this, but there is no real reason for this: in your KDE work, you don't need to access kernel or device driver functions; and you don't want KDE class names autoexpanded while working on the Linux kernel. Finally, building some of the KDE libraries is independent of re-compiling the Linux kernel (whereas whenever you compile the device driver it would also be good to re-compile the Linux kernel if some of the kernel header files have changed).

Finally, another use for sessions is if you work both on the current development version of a project, as well as on a branch: in that case, you don't want KDevelop to confuse classes that belong to mainline and the branch, so you'd have two sessions, with the same set of projects but from different directories (corresponding to different development branches).

Setting up a session and importing an existing project

Let's stick with the Linux kernel and device driver example — you may want to substitute your own set of libraries or projects for these two examples. To create a new session that contains these two projects go to the Session -> Start new session menu at the top left (or, if this is the first time you use KDevelop: simply use the default session you get on first use, which is empty). We next want to populate this session with projects that for the moment we assume already exist somewhere (the case of starting projects from scratch is discussed elsewhere in this manual). For this, there are essentially two methods, depending on whether the project already is somewhere on your hard drive or whether it needs to be downloaded from a server.

Option 1: Importing a project from a version control system server

Let's first assume that the project we want to set up -- the Linux kernel -- resides in some version control system on a server, but that you haven't checked it out to your local hard drive yet. In this case, go to the Project menu to create the Linux kernel as a project inside the current session and then follow these steps:

Go to Projects -> Fetch project to import a project

You then have multiple options to start a new project in the current session, depending on where the source files should come from: You can just point KDevelop at an existing directory (see option 2 below), or you can ask KDevelop to get the sources from a repository.

Assuming you don't already have a version checked out:
- In the dialog box, under Select the source, choose to use Subversion, Git, or one of the other choices
- Choose a working directory as destination into which the sources should be checked out
- Choose an URL for the location of the repository where the source files can be obtained
- Hit Get. This can take quite a long while; depending on the speed of your connection and the size of the project. Unfortunately, in KDevelop 4.2.x the progress bar does not actually show anything, but you can track progress by periodically looking at the output of the command line command
```
du -sk /path/to/KDevelop/project
```
  to see how much data has already been downloaded.

Note

The problem with the progress bar has been reported as KDevelop bug 256832.

Note

In this process, I also get the error message You need to specify a valid location for the project which can be safely ignored.

It asks you to select a KDevelop project file in this directory. Since you probably don't have one yet, simply hit Next

Hit Next again

KDevelop will then ask you to choose a project manager. If this project uses standard Unix make files, choose the custom makefile project manager

KDevelop will then start to parse the entire project. Again, it will take quite a while to go through all files and index classes etc. At the bottom right of the main window, there is a progress bar that shows how long this process has come along. (If you have several processor cores, you can accelerate this process by going to the Settings -> Configure KDevelop menu item, then selecting Background parser on the left, and increasing the number of threads for background parsing on the right.)

Option 2: Importing a project that is already on your hard drive

Alternatively, if the project you want to work with already exists on your hard drive (for example, because you have downloaded it as a tar file from an FTP server, because you already checked out a version of the project from a version control system, or because it is your own project that exists only on your own hard drive), then use Projects -> Open/Import project and in the dialog box choose the directory in which your project resides.

Setting up an application as a second project

The next thing you want to do is set up other projects in the same session. In the example above, you would want to add the device driver as the second project, which you can do using exactly the same steps.

If you have multiple applications or libraries, simply repeat the steps to add more and more projects to your session.

Creating projects from scratch

There is of course also the possibility that you want to start a new project from scratch. This can be done using the Projects -> New from Template menu item, which presents you with a template selection dialog. Some project templates are provided with KDevelop, but even more are available by installing the KAppTemplate application. Choose the project type and programming language from the dialog, enter a name and location for you project, and click Next.

The second page of the dialog allows you to set up a version control system. Choose the system you wish the use, and fill in the system-specific configuration if needed. If you do not wish to use a version control system, or want to set it up manually later, choose None. When you are happy with your choice, press Finish.

Your project is now created, so you can try building or installing it. Some templates will include comments within the code, or even a separate README file, and it is recommended that you read those first. Then, you can start working on your project, by adding whatever features you want.