Glossary: Difference between revisions

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(Changed table layout to definition list; Placed KHTML and KInfoCenter in correct alphabetical order)
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[http://www.kde.org/announcements/4.0/desktop.php A KDE 4.0 Visual Guide:] and a [http://media.ereslibre.es/2008/06/kde41.ogg 4.1 screencast] give an excellent overview of KDE 4.
[http://www.kde.org/announcements/4.0/desktop.php A KDE 4.0 Visual Guide:] and a [http://media.ereslibre.es/2008/06/kde41.ogg 4.1 screencast] give an excellent overview of KDE 4.


The following table is intended to help you find your way through the mists of new names and new concepts.  In some cases you can find a link from a KDE 3 component to its equivalent in KDE 4.
The following glossary is intended to help you find your way through the mists of new names and new concepts.  In some cases you can find a link from a KDE 3 component to its equivalent in KDE 4.




{| border="1" class="wikitable" Style="margin: 1em auto 1 em auto"
;<span id="Activities">'''Activities'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:Activities are sets of Plasma widgets that have their own wallpaper. A bit like virtualdesktops, but not quite.  
|<span id="Activities">'''Activities'''</span> || Activities are sets of Plasma widgets that have their own wallpaper. A bit like virtualdesktops, but not quite.  


For example you have a &quot;work activity&quot; with commit rss feeds, a note with your TODO, a folderview with your work related files, and a subtle wallpaper.   
:For example you have a &quot;work activity&quot; with commit rss feeds, a note with your TODO, a folderview with your work related files, and a subtle wallpaper.   


Next to it, youhave your freetime activity, with previews of family photos and dogs, rss feeds from your favourite blogs, a folderview showing your movie collection, a twitter applet and of course that Iron Maiden wallpaper you have been loving since the early 80s.   
:Next to it, youhave your freetime activity, with previews of family photos and dogs, rss feeds from your favourite blogs, a folderview showing your movie collection, a twitter applet and of course that Iron Maiden wallpaper you have been loving since the early 80s.   


At 1700 hours sharp you switch from the work activity to your freetime activity.
:At 1700 hours sharp you switch from the work activity to your freetime activity.
    || More info:
[[Plasma#How_can_I_add.2Fremove_an_activity.3F|Creating Activities]]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Akonadi">'''Akonadi'''</span> || The data storage backend for all PIM (Personal Information Manager) data in KDE 4.  One  single storage and retrieval system allows efficiency and extensibiliy not possible under KDE3, where each PIM component had its own system. ||width="30%"| More info:
[http://pim.kde.org/akonadi/ Akonadi - KDE PIM]


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akonadi Wikipedia - Akonadi]  
:''More info'':
::[[Plasma#How_can_I_add.2Fremove_an_activity.3F|Creating Activities]]


[http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/PIM/Akonadi Techbase - Akonadi]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="aRts">'''aRts'''</span> || The sound framework in KDE 2 and 3.  Its single-tasking nature caused problems when two sources of sound were encountered.  In KDE 4 it is replaced by [[#Phonon|Phonon]] || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARts Wikipedia - aRts]
;<span id="Akonadi">'''Akonadi'''</span>
:The data storage backend for all PIM (Personal Information Manager) data in KDE 4. One  single storage and retrieval system allows efficiency and extensibiliy not possible under KDE3, where each PIM component had its own system.


[http://www.arts-project.org/gen/newsarchive/news_2000.html aRtsHome Page]
:''More info'':
|-valign="top"
::[http://pim.kde.org/akonadi/ Akonadi - KDE PIM]
|<span id="Containment">'''Containment'''</span> || A Containment is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akonadi Wikipedia - Akonadi]  
::[http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/PIM/Akonadi Techbase - Akonadi]


The end result is that you can group widgets within a containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.   
|-valign="top"
|<span id="D-Bus">'''D-Bus || An inter-service messaging system.  Developed by RedHat, it was heavily influenced by KDE&#039;s DCOP, which it supercedes. || More info:
[http://tinyurl.com/2a9h8o FreeDesktop.org: What is D-Bus?]


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus Wikipedia: D-Bus]
;<span id="aRts">'''aRts'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:The sound framework in KDE 2 and 3.  Its single-tasking nature caused problems when two sources of sound were encountered.  In KDE 4 it is replaced by [[#Phonon|Phonon]]  
|<span id="Decibel">'''Decibel'''</span> || Using [[#D-Bus|D-Bus]], Decibel is the framework to manage all communication protocols including IM, email and VOIP through a unified system. Decibel is expected to be fully functional by KDE 4.2. || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel_(KDE) Wikipedia - Decibel]  
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARts Wikipedia - aRts]
::[http://www.arts-project.org/gen/newsarchive/news_2000.html aRtsHome Page]


[http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Architecture/KDE4/Decibel Techbase - Decibel]


[http://decibel.kde.org/ Decibel website]
;<span id="Containment">'''Containment'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:A Containment is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.
|<span id="Dolphin">'''Dolphin'''</span> || The default file manager in KDE4. It has a side panel, but navigation is mainly by the &#039;breadcrumb&#039; trail above the main window.  Split windows are possible, and views can be applied to individual windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel. || More info:
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_(software) Wikipedia- Dolphin_(software)]


[http://dot.kde.org/1172721427/ Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror]
:The end result is that you can group widgets within a containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.  


[http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070405-afirst-look-at-dolphin-the-kde-4-file-manager.html Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin]


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4HS1v0a9Xs Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin]
;<span id="D-Bus">'''D-Bus
:An inter-service messaging system. Developed by RedHat, it was heavily influenced by KDE&#039;s DCOP, which it supercedes.


[http://introducingkde4.blogspot.com/2007/12/dolphin.html Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin]
:''More info'':
|-valign="top"
::[http://tinyurl.com/2a9h8o FreeDesktop.org: What is D-Bus?]  
|<span id="Extender">'''Extender'''</span> || Extenders are a special kind of popup that can grow out of a Plasma panel for example. Extenders have detachable parts. Extenders are a new concept that will enter Plasma for KDE 4.2. The Kuiserver (the interface that collects all long running jobs and puts them into one window, also planned for that release) will make use of extenders so you can detach various jobs and monitor their progress separately. || More info:  
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Bus Wikipedia: D-Bus]


[http://kde-look.org/content/show.php/KDE+Extender+Mockup?content=30012 Mockup Screenshots]


[http://plasma.kde.org/cms/1069 The Elements of Plasma]
;<span id="Decibel">'''Decibel'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:Using [[#D-Bus|D-Bus]], Decibel is the framework to manage all communication protocols including IM, email and VOIP through a unified system. Decibel is expected to be fully functional by KDE 4.2.  
|<span id="Flake">'''Flake'''</span> || Flake is a programming library to be used in KOffice2.  Functionally, it provides Shapes to display content and Tools to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped towork as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible. || More info:


[http://wiki.koffice.org/index.php?title=Flake KOffice Wiki - Flake]  
:''More info'':
|-valign="top"
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel_(KDE) Wikipedia - Decibel]  
|<span id="Home_Directory">'''Home_Directory'''</span> || That's the place in system, where all your files are kept. You can write your files outside of this folder, but all applications are configured to propose this folder as place to write your files to. And this is easier, when you are keeping your things here. || More info:
::[http://techbase.kde.org/Development/Architecture/KDE4/Decibel Techbase - Decibel]
::[http://decibel.kde.org/ Decibel website]


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_directory wikipedia]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KControl">'''KControl'''</span> || KDE Control Center, for setting global preferences in KDE3. Replaced by KDE4&#039;s [[#System Settings|System Settings]] interface. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KDOM">'''KDOM'''</span> || A [[#KPart|KPart]] module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. [[#KSVG|KSVG2]] is built on KDOM for KDE 4. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Kicker">'''Kicker'''</span> || In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the [[#Panel|Panel]]), on which application launchers, the pager, and buttons for running applications reside.  See [[#Panel|Panel]] ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Kickoff">'''Kickoff'''</span> || In KDE 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group.  &#039;Favorites&#039; replaces the &#039;Most used applications&#039; in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it.  Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel.  Rapid access to a less-used application can be by the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required. || More info:
[http://home.kde.org/~binner/kickoff/sneak_preview.html Kickoff Sneak Preview]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KJS">'''KJS'''</span> || KDE&#039;s JavaScript engine. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KHTML">'''KHTML'''</span> || KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE desktop, as used by KDE&#039;s Konqueror Browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. KDE4 also sees the introduction of Qt WebKit for Plasma and other applications. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KIO">'''KIO'''</span> || KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on aremote server.  Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols.  Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.  || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIO Wikipedia - KIO]
;<span id="Dolphin">'''Dolphin'''</span>
:The default file manager in KDE4.  It has a side panel, but navigation is mainly by the &#039;breadcrumb&#039; trail above the main window. Split windows are possible, and views can be applied to individual windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel.


[http://www.linux.com/feature/124686 Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves]  
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphin_(software) Wikipedia- Dolphin_(software)]
::[http://dot.kde.org/1172721427/ Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror]
::[http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070405-afirst-look-at-dolphin-the-kde-4-file-manager.html Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin]
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4HS1v0a9Xs Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin]
::[http://introducingkde4.blogspot.com/2007/12/dolphin.html Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin]


[http://osdir.com/Article2159.phtml Breaking the Network <br /> Barrier]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KInfoCenter">'''KInfoCenter'''</span> || Kinfocenter originated as part of [[#Kcontrol|Kcontrol]] standing alone from KDE 3.1.  In KDE 4 it is replaced by modules configured in [[#System Settings|System Settings]], notably [[#Solid|Solid]] || More Info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinfocenter Wikipedia - KInfoCenter]
;<span id="Extender">'''Extender'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:Extenders are a special kind of popup that can grow out of a Plasma panel for example. Extenders have detachable parts. Extenders are a new concept that will enter Plasma for KDE 4.2. The Kuiserver (the interface that collects all long running jobs and puts them into one window, also planned for that release) will make use of extenders so you can detach various jobs and monitor their progress separately.  
|<span id="Kiosk">'''Kiosk'''</span> || Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés.  Currently available in KDE 3 only. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KPart">'''KPart'''</span> || A KPart is an individual component of the KDE desktop environment and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Kross">'''Kross'''</span> ||  Kross is a scripting framework, enabling KDE 4 support for multiple scripting languages. Aplugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KRunner">'''KRunner'''|| the mini-command-line that is accessed from the KDE Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE4 a partial name will display all possible matches || More info:


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1-SFSmwTXw Youtube - KDE 4.1 KRunner]
:''More info'':
|-
::[http://kde-look.org/content/show.php/KDE+Extender+Mockup?content=30012 Mockup Screenshots]  
|<span id="KSVG">'''KSVG'''</span> ||  KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a khtml browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE 4. ||
::[http://plasma.kde.org/cms/1069 The Elements of Plasma]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="KWin">'''KWin'''</span> || KWin is the window manager.  This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop. ||align-"left| More info:


[http://dot.kde.org/1180541665/ Road to KDE 4: KWin<br /> Composite]


[http://francis.giannaros.org/blog/2007/12/03/kde4-desktop-effects-kwin-composite-video-tour/  KDE4 Desktop Effects<br /><br /> Video Tour]
;<span id="Flake">'''Flake'''</span>
:Flake is a programming library to be used in KOffice2.  Functionally, it provides Shapes to display content and Tools to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped towork as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrFz7IxXppU Youtube - KDE 4.0 KWin<br /> Composite Showcast]  
:''More info'':
::[http://wiki.koffice.org/index.php?title=Flake KOffice Wiki - Flake]  


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WBLlc6xCQ4 Youtube - KWin<br /> compositing config &amp; intro]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Mini-CLI">'''Mini-CLI'''</span> || See [[#KRunner|KRunner]]||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Nepomuk">'''Nepomuk'''</span> ||    &#039;Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge&#039;, Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user.  Whether downloaded from the internet, received inan email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data.  See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_desktop The Semantic Desktop] for further discussion of this concept. || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_desktop Wikipedia - Semantic<br /> Desktop]
;<span id="Home_Directory">'''Home_Directory'''</span>
:That's the place in system, where all your files are kept. You can write your files outside of this folder, but all applications are configured to propose this folder as place to write your files to. And this is easier, when you are keeping your things here.  


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEPOMUK_(framework)  Wikipedia - NEPOMUK<br /> Framework]  
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_directory wikipedia]  


[http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/xwiki/bin/view/Main1/ NEPOMUK website]


[http://nepomuk.kde.org/discover/user NEPOMUK KDE]
;<span id="KControl">'''KControl'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:KDE Control Center, for setting global preferences in KDE3. Replaced by KDE4&#039;s [[#System Settings|System Settings]] interface.
|<span id="Oxygen">'''Oxygen'''</span> || Oxygen is the default theme of KDE4. Designed to bring &#039;a breath of fresh air&#039; tothe desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG). || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_Project Wikipedia - Oxygen Project]


[http://www.oxygen-icons.org/?cat=3 Oxygen Icons]
;<span id="KDOM">'''KDOM'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:A [[#KPart|KPart]] module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. [[#KSVG|KSVG2]] is built on KDOM for KDE 4.
|<span id="Pager">'''Pager'''</span> || A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually if you have several [[#Virtual Desktops|Virtual Desktops]] gives an overview over all. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Panel">'''Panel'''</span> || See [[#Kicker|Kicker]].  In KDE4 the name &#039;kicker&#039; is dropped, and the name &#039;panel&#039; is the norm.  &#039;Applets&#039; are replaced by [[#Widgets|Widgets]] ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Phonon">'''Phonon'''</span> || A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines.  KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound.  Phonon replaces it. || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE) Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)]


[http://phonon.kde.org/cms/1030 Phonon website]
;<span id="KHTML">'''KHTML'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE desktop, as used by KDE&#039;s Konqueror Browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. KDE4 also sees the introduction of Qt WebKit for Plasma and other applications.
|<span id="Plasma">'''Plasma'''</span> || In KDE 4 Plasma replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine.  The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(KDE) Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)]


[http://plasma.kde.org/cms/1107 Plasma website]  
;<span id="Kicker">'''Kicker'''</span>
:In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the [[#Panel|Panel]]), on which application launchers, the pager, and buttons for running applications reside. See [[#Panel|Panel]]


[[Plasma|Plasma FAQ]]


[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5RpH9HOXJA&amp;feature=related Youtube - Plasma Applets Galore (Part 1)]
;<span id="Kickoff">'''Kickoff'''</span>
:In KDE 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. &#039;Favorites&#039; replaces the &#039;Most used applications&#039; in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it.  Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application can be by the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.


[http://liquidat.wordpress.com/ Liquidat&#039;s Blog]
:''More info'':
|-valign="top"
::[http://home.kde.org/~binner/kickoff/sneak_preview.html Kickoff Sneak Preview]
|<span id="Qt">'''Qt'''</span> || (Pronounced &#039;cute&#039;) A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia.  Qt forms the underlying library KDE is built on. || More info:


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit) The Qt Toolkit]


[http://trolltech.com/products/qt/learnmore/demo Qt Demo Videos]
;<span id="KJS">'''KJS'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:KDE&#039;s JavaScript engine.
|<span id="Raptor">''' Raptor'''</span> || Raptor is the third application menu available for KDE4 and uses a style similar to music hardware interfaces. Raptor is not finished yet. Other menus are also in preparation || More info:


[http://raptor-menu.org/ Raptor home page]


[http://www.raiden.net/?cat=2&amp;aid=411 Raptor review]
;<span id="KInfoCenter">'''KInfoCenter'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:Kinfocenter originated as part of [[#Kcontrol|Kcontrol]] standing alone from KDE 3.1.  In KDE 4 it is replaced by modules configured in [[#System Settings|System Settings]], notably [[#Solid|Solid]]
|<span id="Solid">'''Solid'''</span> || Solid provides a single API for hardware management.  Hardware is grouped into &#039;domains&#039;.  The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent. || More Info:


[http://solid.kde.org/cms/1058 Discover Solid]  
:More Info:
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinfocenter Wikipedia - KInfoCenter]


[http://dot.kde.org/1177385913/ Solid Brings Hardware<br /> Configuration and Control to KDE]
|-
|<span id="Sonnet">'''Sonnet'''</span> || Sonnet is a multilingual spell-checker planned for KDE 4.  One of its strengths is the ability to recognise the language in use and call up the appropriate dictionary. || More info:


[http://www.linux.com/articles/59963 KDE 4&#039;s Sonnet will<br /> turbocharge language<br /> processing]
;<span id="KIO">'''KIO'''</span>
:KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on aremote server.  Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols.  Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip. 


[http://liquidat.wordpress.com/2007/01/09/kde-4-sonnet/ Liquidat&#039;s blog,<br /> January 2007]
:''More info'':
|-valign="top"
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIO Wikipedia - KIO]
|<span id="Soprano">'''Soprano'''</span> || Soprano is a sub-project of [[#Nepomuk]], providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to [[#Strigi]] || More info:
::[http://www.linux.com/feature/124686 Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves]  
::[http://osdir.com/Article2159.phtml Breaking the Network Barrier]


[http://tinyurl.com/334u7r More about Nepomuk-KDE: Soprano and KDE<br /> integration]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Strigi">'''Strigi'''</span> || A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight.  It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files. || More info:


[http://strigi.sourceforge.net/ Strigi - the fastest and<br /> smallest desktop searching program]
;<span id="Kiosk">'''Kiosk'''</span>
:Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. Currently available in KDE 3 only.


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigi Wikipedia - Strigi]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="System Settings">'''System Settings'''</span> ||  KDE 4&#039;s replacement for [[#KControl|KControl]] (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE system. || More info:


[http://www.lazytechguy.com/2008/01/kde4-system-settings.html KDE4 System Settings<br /> illustrated]
;<span id="KPart">'''KPart'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:A KPart is an individual component of the KDE desktop environment and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.
|<span id="Threadweaver">'''Threadweaver'''</span> || This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming. || More info:


[http://tinyurl.com/5edc2k Why Multithreading?<br /> (Technical article)]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Virtual Desktops">'''Virtual Desktops'''</span> || A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your newdesktop or moved to it. A window can also be made &quot;sticky&quot; which means it appears on all virtual desktops. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="WebKit">'''WebKit'''</span> || HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of [[#KHTML|KHTML]]. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE 4, where it is available through Qt. || More info:


[http://webkit.org/ The Webkit home page]
;<span id="Kross">'''Kross'''</span>
: Kross is a scripting framework, enabling KDE 4 support for multiple scripting languages.  Aplugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webkit Wikipedia - Webkit]
|-valign="top"
|<span id="Widget">'''Widget'''</span> || Collins English Dictionary: &quot;Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten.&quot;%%%In KDE terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are &quot;applet&quot; or &quot;gadget&quot;. Superkaramba Themes, Apple&#039;s Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="X-Server">'''X-Server'''</span> || The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like KDE are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives. ||
|-valign="top"
|<span id="XMLGUI">'''XMLGUI'''</span> || A programmers&#039; framework for designing the user interface.  It is extensively used by ''KParts'' || More info:
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLGUI Wikipedia - XMLGUI]


[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_Style_Sheets Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets]
;<span id="KRunner">'''KRunner'''</span>
|-valign="top"
:the mini-command-line that is accessed from the KDE Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop.  In KDE4 a partial name will display all possible matches
|<span id="ZUI">'''ZUI'''</span> || The Zooming User Interface.  &quot;By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen.&quot; aseigo. || More info:  
 
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhODrJkoidA Youtube ZUI demo]
:''More info'':
|}
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1-SFSmwTXw Youtube - KDE 4.1 KRunner]
 
 
;<span id="KSVG">'''KSVG'''</span>
: KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a khtml browser.  KSVG2 extends this for KDE 4.
 
 
;<span id="KWin">'''KWin'''</span>
:KWin is the window manager.  This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://dot.kde.org/1180541665/ Road to KDE 4: KWin Composite]
::[http://francis.giannaros.org/blog/2007/12/03/kde4-desktop-effects-kwin-composite-video-tour/  KDE4 Desktop Effects Video Tour]
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YrFz7IxXppU Youtube - KDE 4.0 KWin Composite Showcast]
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WBLlc6xCQ4 Youtube - KWin compositing config &amp; intro]
 
 
;<span id="Mini-CLI">'''Mini-CLI'''</span>
:See [[#KRunner|KRunner]]
 
 
;<span id="Nepomuk">'''Nepomuk'''</span>
:&#039;Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge&#039;, Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user.  Whether downloaded from the internet, received inan email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data.  See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_desktop The Semantic Desktop] for further discussion of this concept.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_desktop Wikipedia - Semantic Desktop]
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEPOMUK_(framework)  Wikipedia - NEPOMUK Framework]
::[http://nepomuk.semanticdesktop.org/xwiki/bin/view/Main1/ NEPOMUK website]
::[http://nepomuk.kde.org/discover/user NEPOMUK KDE]
 
 
;<span id="Oxygen">'''Oxygen'''</span>
:Oxygen is the default theme of KDE4. Designed to bring &#039;a breath of fresh air&#039; tothe desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons.  Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
 
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_Project Wikipedia - Oxygen Project]
::[http://www.oxygen-icons.org/?cat=3 Oxygen Icons]
 
 
;<span id="Pager">'''Pager'''</span>
:A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually if you have several [[#Virtual Desktops|Virtual Desktops]] gives an overview over all.
 
 
;<span id="Panel">'''Panel'''</span>
:See [[#Kicker|Kicker]]. In KDE4 the name &#039;kicker&#039; is dropped, and the name &#039;panel&#039; is the norm.  &#039;Applets&#039; are replaced by [[#Widgets|Widgets]]
 
 
;<span id="Phonon">'''Phonon'''</span>
:A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines.  KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound.  Phonon replaces it.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon_(KDE) Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)]
::[http://phonon.kde.org/cms/1030 Phonon website]
 
 
;<span id="Plasma">'''Plasma'''</span>
:In KDE 4 Plasma replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine.  The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(KDE) Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)]
::[http://plasma.kde.org/cms/1107 Plasma website]
::[[Plasma|Plasma FAQ]]
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5RpH9HOXJA&amp;feature=related  Youtube - Plasma Applets Galore (Part 1)]
::[http://liquidat.wordpress.com/ Liquidat&#039;s Blog]
 
 
;<span id="Qt">'''Qt'''</span>
:(Pronounced &#039;cute&#039;) A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia.  Qt forms the underlying library KDE is built on.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_(toolkit) The Qt Toolkit]
::[http://trolltech.com/products/qt/learnmore/demo Qt Demo Videos]
 
 
;<span id="Raptor">''' Raptor'''</span>
:Raptor is the third application menu available for KDE4 and uses a style similar to music hardware interfaces. Raptor is not finished yet.  Other menus are also in preparation
 
:''More info'':
::[http://raptor-menu.org/ Raptor home page]
::[http://www.raiden.net/?cat=2&amp;aid=411 Raptor review]
 
 
;<span id="Solid">'''Solid'''</span>
:Solid provides a single API for hardware management.  Hardware is grouped into &#039;domains&#039;.  The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
 
:More Info:
::[http://solid.kde.org/cms/1058 Discover Solid]
::[http://dot.kde.org/1177385913/ Solid Brings Hardware Configuration and Control to KDE]
 
 
;<span id="Sonnet">'''Sonnet'''</span>
:Sonnet is a multilingual spell-checker planned for KDE 4.  One of its strengths is the ability to recognise the language in use and call up the appropriate dictionary.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://www.linux.com/articles/59963 KDE 4&#039;s Sonnet will turbocharge language processing]
::[http://liquidat.wordpress.com/2007/01/09/kde-4-sonnet/ Liquidat&#039;s blog, January 2007]
 
 
;<span id="Soprano">'''Soprano'''</span>
:Soprano is a sub-project of [[#Nepomuk]], providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc..  This makes the information available to [[#Strigi]]
 
:''More info'':
::[http://tinyurl.com/334u7r More about Nepomuk-KDE: Soprano and KDE integration]
 
 
;<span id="Strigi">'''Strigi'''</span>
:A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight.  It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://strigi.sourceforge.net/ Strigi - the fastest and smallest desktop searching program]
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigi Wikipedia - Strigi]
 
 
;<span id="System Settings">'''System Settings'''</span>
:KDE 4&#039;s replacement for [[#KControl|KControl]] (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE system.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://www.lazytechguy.com/2008/01/kde4-system-settings.html KDE4 System Settings illustrated]
 
 
;<span id="Threadweaver">'''Threadweaver'''</span>
:This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://tinyurl.com/5edc2k Why Multithreading? (Technical article)]
 
 
;<span id="Virtual Desktops">'''Virtual Desktops'''</span>
:A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your newdesktop or moved to it. A window can also be made &quot;sticky&quot; which means it appears on all virtual desktops.
 
 
;<span id="WebKit">'''WebKit'''</span>
:HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of [[#KHTML|KHTML]]. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE 4, where it is available through Qt.
 
:''More info'':
::[http://webkit.org/ The Webkit home page]
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webkit Wikipedia - Webkit]
 
 
;<span id="Widget">'''Widget'''</span>
:Collins English Dictionary: &quot;Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten.&quot;%%%In KDE terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are &quot;applet&quot; or &quot;gadget&quot;. Superkaramba Themes, Apple&#039;s Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).
 
 
;<span id="X-Server">'''X-Server'''</span>
:The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like KDE are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.
 
 
;<span id="XMLGUI">'''XMLGUI'''</span>
:A programmers&#039; framework for designing the user interface.  It is extensively used by ''KParts''
 
:''More info'':
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XMLGUI Wikipedia - XMLGUI]
::[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_Style_Sheets Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets]
 
 
;<span id="ZUI">'''ZUI'''</span>
:The Zooming User Interface.  &quot;By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen.&quot; aseigo.  
 
:''More info'':
::[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhODrJkoidA Youtube ZUI demo]

Revision as of 00:59, 3 October 2008

This page sets out to provide a non-technical reference, together with links for further information or demonstration. It should be noted that not all of the KDE 4 developments are available in 4.0. Some maynot be ready for 4.1.

A General Overview

A KDE 4.0 Visual Guide: and a 4.1 screencast give an excellent overview of KDE 4.

The following glossary is intended to help you find your way through the mists of new names and new concepts. In some cases you can find a link from a KDE 3 component to its equivalent in KDE 4.


Activities
Activities are sets of Plasma widgets that have their own wallpaper. A bit like virtualdesktops, but not quite.
For example you have a "work activity" with commit rss feeds, a note with your TODO, a folderview with your work related files, and a subtle wallpaper.
Next to it, youhave your freetime activity, with previews of family photos and dogs, rss feeds from your favourite blogs, a folderview showing your movie collection, a twitter applet and of course that Iron Maiden wallpaper you have been loving since the early 80s.
At 1700 hours sharp you switch from the work activity to your freetime activity.
More info:
Creating Activities


Akonadi
The data storage backend for all PIM (Personal Information Manager) data in KDE 4. One single storage and retrieval system allows efficiency and extensibiliy not possible under KDE3, where each PIM component had its own system.
More info:
Akonadi - KDE PIM
Wikipedia - Akonadi
Techbase - Akonadi


aRts
The sound framework in KDE 2 and 3. Its single-tasking nature caused problems when two sources of sound were encountered. In KDE 4 it is replaced by Phonon
More info:
Wikipedia - aRts
aRtsHome Page


Containment
A Containment is a top level grouping of widgets. Each Containment manages the layout and configuration data of its set of widgets independently from other Containments.
The end result is that you can group widgets within a containment according to the significance to your working pattern, rather than by directory grouping.


D-Bus
An inter-service messaging system. Developed by RedHat, it was heavily influenced by KDE's DCOP, which it supercedes.
More info:
FreeDesktop.org: What is D-Bus?
Wikipedia: D-Bus


Decibel
Using D-Bus, Decibel is the framework to manage all communication protocols including IM, email and VOIP through a unified system. Decibel is expected to be fully functional by KDE 4.2.
More info:
Wikipedia - Decibel
Techbase - Decibel
Decibel website


Dolphin
The default file manager in KDE4. It has a side panel, but navigation is mainly by the 'breadcrumb' trail above the main window. Split windows are possible, and views can be applied to individual windows. Mounting and umounting USB devices can be done in the side-panel.
More info:
Wikipedia- Dolphin_(software)
Road to KDE 4: Dolphin and Konqueror
Ars Technica: A First Look at Dolphin
Youtube - KDE 4 rev 680445 - Dolphin
Introducing KDE 4 Blog - Dolphin


Extender
Extenders are a special kind of popup that can grow out of a Plasma panel for example. Extenders have detachable parts. Extenders are a new concept that will enter Plasma for KDE 4.2. The Kuiserver (the interface that collects all long running jobs and puts them into one window, also planned for that release) will make use of extenders so you can detach various jobs and monitor their progress separately.
More info:
Mockup Screenshots
The Elements of Plasma


Flake
Flake is a programming library to be used in KOffice2. Functionally, it provides Shapes to display content and Tools to manipulate content. Shapes can be zoomed or rotated and can be grouped towork as a single Shape, around which text flow is possible.
More info:
KOffice Wiki - Flake


Home_Directory
That's the place in system, where all your files are kept. You can write your files outside of this folder, but all applications are configured to propose this folder as place to write your files to. And this is easier, when you are keeping your things here.
More info:
wikipedia


KControl
KDE Control Center, for setting global preferences in KDE3. Replaced by KDE4's System Settings interface.


KDOM
A KPart module making KHTML DOM (Document Object Model) rendering capabilities available to all applications. KSVG2 is built on KDOM for KDE 4.


KHTML
KHTML is the HTML rendering engine for the KDE desktop, as used by KDE's Konqueror Browser. It also provides a KPart that enables all KDE applications to display web content. KDE4 also sees the introduction of Qt WebKit for Plasma and other applications.


Kicker
In KDE 3, the relocatable bar, usually at the bottom of the screen (sometimes called the Panel), on which application launchers, the pager, and buttons for running applications reside. See Panel


Kickoff
In KDE 4 (and some late versions of KDE 3), a launch menu in which apps are sorted by functional group. 'Favorites' replaces the 'Most used applications' in Classic Menu, and applications can be added to it. Right-click also offers the possibility of adding applications to the desktop or panel. Rapid access to a less-used application can be by the search box. Other menus are being worked on, since KDE 4 can be used with more than one launcher, should that be required.
More info:
Kickoff Sneak Preview


KJS
KDE's JavaScript engine.


KInfoCenter
Kinfocenter originated as part of Kcontrol standing alone from KDE 3.1. In KDE 4 it is replaced by modules configured in System Settings, notably Solid
More Info:
Wikipedia - KInfoCenter


KIO
KDE Input/Output framework provides a single API for operating on files, whether local or on aremote server. Additionally, KIO Slaves provide support for individual protocols. Some particularly useful ones are http, ftp, sftp, smb, nfs, ssh (fish), man, tar and zip.
More info:
Wikipedia - KIO
Linux.com - Master the KIO slaves
Breaking the Network Barrier


Kiosk
Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. Currently available in KDE 3 only.


KPart
A KPart is an individual component of the KDE desktop environment and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.


Kross
Kross is a scripting framework, enabling KDE 4 support for multiple scripting languages. Aplugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.


KRunner
the mini-command-line that is accessed from the KDE Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE4 a partial name will display all possible matches
More info:
Youtube - KDE 4.1 KRunner


KSVG
KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a khtml browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE 4.


KWin
KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
More info:
Road to KDE 4: KWin Composite
KDE4 Desktop Effects Video Tour
Youtube - KDE 4.0 KWin Composite Showcast
Youtube - KWin compositing config & intro


Mini-CLI
See KRunner


Nepomuk
'Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge', Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received inan email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
More info:
Wikipedia - Semantic Desktop
Wikipedia - NEPOMUK Framework
NEPOMUK website
NEPOMUK KDE


Oxygen
Oxygen is the default theme of KDE4. Designed to bring 'a breath of fresh air' tothe desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
More info:
Wikipedia - Oxygen Project
Oxygen Icons


Pager
A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually if you have several Virtual Desktops gives an overview over all.


Panel
See Kicker. In KDE4 the name 'kicker' is dropped, and the name 'panel' is the norm. 'Applets' are replaced by Widgets


Phonon
A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
More info:
Wikipedia - Phonon (KDE)
Phonon website


Plasma
In KDE 4 Plasma replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary.
More info:
Wikipedia - Plasma (KDE)
Plasma website
Plasma FAQ
Youtube - Plasma Applets Galore (Part 1)
Liquidat's Blog


Qt
(Pronounced 'cute') A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia. Qt forms the underlying library KDE is built on.
More info:
The Qt Toolkit
Qt Demo Videos


Raptor
Raptor is the third application menu available for KDE4 and uses a style similar to music hardware interfaces. Raptor is not finished yet. Other menus are also in preparation
More info:
Raptor home page
Raptor review


Solid
Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into 'domains'. The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
More Info:
Discover Solid
Solid Brings Hardware Configuration and Control to KDE


Sonnet
Sonnet is a multilingual spell-checker planned for KDE 4. One of its strengths is the ability to recognise the language in use and call up the appropriate dictionary.
More info:
KDE 4's Sonnet will turbocharge language processing
Liquidat's blog, January 2007


Soprano
Soprano is a sub-project of #Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to #Strigi
More info:
More about Nepomuk-KDE: Soprano and KDE integration


Strigi
A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
More info:
Strigi - the fastest and smallest desktop searching program
Wikipedia - Strigi


System Settings
KDE 4's replacement for KControl (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE system.
More info:
KDE4 System Settings illustrated


Threadweaver
This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
More info:
Why Multithreading? (Technical article)


Virtual Desktops
A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your newdesktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.


WebKit
HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE 4, where it is available through Qt.
More info:
The Webkit home page
Wikipedia - Webkit


Widget
Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten."%%%In KDE terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).


X-Server
The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like KDE are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.


XMLGUI
A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts
More info:
Wikipedia - XMLGUI
Wikipedia - Qt Style Sheets


ZUI
The Zooming User Interface. "By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen." aseigo.
More info:
Youtube ZUI demo
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