Nepomuk/ca

Nepomuk

L'objectiu d'aquesta pàgina no és explicar plenament la tecnologia Nepomuk i cada detall, però ens donarà una breu visió general, alguns exemples, comparteix el que hi ha al darrere i enllaça a informació pertinent al web.

Breu explicació

Tal com esmenta el Glossari, Nepomuk tracta la classificació, organització i presentació de les dades. No és una aplicació, sinó un component que poden utilitzar els desenvolupadors dins de les aplicacions.

Proveu

Per exemple, Dolphin fa ús de Nepomuk. Per al següent Nepomuk i Strigi han d'estar activats a Arranjament del sistema -> Cerca a l'escriptori. La barra d'informació de Dolphin us permetrà assignar etiquetes, valoracions i comentaris als fitxers. Aquesta informació s'emmagatzema en Nepomuk i catalogada per Strigi. A continuació, podeu cercar metadades utilitzant la barra de navegació de Dolphin. Escriviu «nepomuksearch:/» seguit pels termes de cerca.

Funcionalitats

Nepomuk ofereix diverses «capes» de funcionalitat per a les aplicacions. La primera i més simple d'elles és l'etiquetatge manual, valoracions i comentaris, com s'usen en Dolphin. Això us ajudarà a trobar els fitxers més ràpidament, però també suposa molt treball.

Per a facilitar la cerca de fitxers que continguin un cert text, Nepomuk ofereix una segona funcionalitat: indexar el text dels fitxers. Per a fer-ho utilitza una tecnologia anomenada Strigi. Podeu cercar fitxers introduint algunes paraules que sabeu que hi són, o simplement el seu títol (o una part d'aquest).

La tercera capa és molt més complexa, i el motiu és que Nepomuk ha estat concebut com un projecte d'investigació de diverses companyies i universitats de la Unió Europea. Aquí trobareu paraules difícils com «escriptori semàntic» i «ontologies». Bàsicament, es tracta de contextos i relacions.

Exemples

Permetin-me mirar d'explicar què ofereix Nepomuk usant dos exemples.

Relacions

Diguem que heu rebut una fotografia d'un amic, fa dues setmanes, i l'heu desada en algun lloc al vostre ordinador. Com trobareu ara aquest fitxer? Tret que sapigueu la ubicació, no té bona pinta.

Nepomuk té com a objectiu ajudar-vos. Sabeu que aquest fitxer us el va enviar aquest amic, però el vostre ordinador no. Nepomuk, no obstant, pot recordar aquesta relació. De manera que en cercar el nom de l'amic aparegui la fotografia!

Una altra possible relació és entre una pàgina web de la qual heu copiat text i el document en el qual l'heu enganxat, o dues imatges mostrant el mateix cotxe. Aquestes relacions de vegades poden ser extretes dels propis fitxers (podeu analitzar fotografies i veure qui o què hi apareix) o proporcionades per les aplicacions involucrades (com en l'anterior exemple sobre correu electrònic). Aquesta part de Nepomuk està encara sota un fort desenvolupament, i necessita integració amb les aplicacions, per la qual cosa pot trigar uns quants anys fins que de debò brilli.

All in all, this part of Nepomuk is about making search smart. Think about how Google tries to be smart with your searches: when you search for a hotel and a city name, it shows above the website results a google map showing hotels in the city you mentioned! It might even suggest a better name in case you made a spelling mistake. Google also tries to put the most relevant information on top of the list of results, using complex calculations on relationships (links) between websites. Nepomuk will be able to offer such smart results and order them on relevancy using relationship information.

Context

These relationships can not only help you while searching for files, but also have an influence on applications and what information they present. Note that this way of using Nepomuk is still more a vision than reality! Many of the components are in place, but it is not yet integrated in applications and the desktop as a whole.

So here an example of bringing context awareness to your desktop could help you work more efficiently.

Say you are working on finishing some notes you took in a meeting. The phone rings, and somebody asks you to find that spreadsheet with prices, adjust it for a customer. After a few more interruptions you find your desktop full of files and windows...

It'd be nice to be able to organize all that a bit better, right?

Enter 'activities'. These have been introduced in Plasma, and currently offer different 'desktops'. They are a bit like virtual desktops, except that the desktop itself changes, not the set of applications. Different widgets, background, things like that. Of course, since KDE 4.3, each virtual desktop can have it's own activity, bringing the two in sync.

If applications and desktop were aware of activities, you could create an activity for each of the tasks you regularly work on. So if you often have to change a spreadsheet with prices, you create an activity for that: put a Folder View (or several) widget on the desktop, add a calculator and a todo-widget to keep track of what you still have to change. Maybe even an email folder widget showing the mails with questions regarding these prices spreadsheets!

As soon as somebody asks a question about prices, you switch to this activity. Fire up your spreadsheet application. It is aware of your activity so it shows recent price spreadsheets, not the recent list of inventory you were working on in another activity! Kopete, the chat application shows your colleague who knows all about prices, as she is the person you always chat with when working on this activity.

When you are finished, you go back to another activity, and once again all applications adjust their behavior to fit what you are doing.

The benefits of such an activity-based work flow go further than you might at first expect. It not only helps you find files and contact persons, but also helps in switching tasks itself. The human brain isn't very good at multi-tasking - it takes most people several minutes to get up to speed after switching tasks. Changing the 'environment' helps a lot in speeding this up, even if it's just on the screen. Compare it with getting in the mood for your holiday by packing your bag!

Of course, the above is mostly relevant to people working behind their computer in the office or at home. A gamer or a casual user would probably not use these activities much.

Note that the scenario described above is still years away from reality. Much of the basic infrastructure for this in KDE is in place but much is still left.

Compartir i privacitat

There is one thing I need to touch on before pointing to other sources of information: sharing Nepomuk data. It'd be great if your tags, ratings and comments would be shared with others when you send them files. However, if you tagged a contact with a slightly embarrassing tag ('boring in bed') and send that persons contact information to a mutual friend you probably don't want that tag to be send as well...

This issue is of course being considered and an important subject of research by the Nepomuk researchers. For the time being, these privacy concerns, combined with technical challenges, are the reason Nepomuk context is private. Rest assured the Nepomuk team does all it can to make sure your privacy is respected.

Més informació:

Vikipèdia: Escriptori semàntic

Vikipèdia: Infraestructura NEPOMUK

Lloc web de NEPOMUK

Lloc KDe de NEPOMUK

article que explica Nepomuk al DOT