Plasma Krunner
KRunner (使用 Alt-F2 或者 Alt-SPACE 快捷键来启动) 是Plasma桌面内置的快速启动器. 他的基本功能是从一个迷你的命令行启动特定程序, 不过它的功能也可以通过"runner"来扩展，以帮助用户完成许多其他的任务.
Note
特性
这个不完整的列表试图展示一些使用KRunner的基本例子. 你可以点击KRunner上的'?'按钮来发现更多用法.
启动或者终止程序运行
你可以通过输入你想要启动的应用程序的名称来启动程序——或者使用更简单的做法: 按方向键来查看你预先输入的最近使用的程序列表。
当你开始输入第一个字符时，KRunner就会开始查找匹配项。你 可以从能够自定义的应用程序菜单中找到与应用程序匹配的内容（为此，请在菜单中单击鼠标右键）.
示例:
| 输入 | 输出 |
gwe |
(打开 Gwenview) |
您也可以使用KRunner杀死应用程序。 键入关键字 kill ，后跟进程名称，KRunner将提供关闭应用程序（SIGTERM）或强行退出应用程序（SIGKILL）的选项。 KRunner会将部分进程名称与正在运行的进程匹配。
请注意，可以在"Terminate Applications"插件中更改关键字 kill ，以避免与接受进程ID的shell命令kill混淆。
直接安装
如果你在寻找尚未安装的应用程序，KRunner将建议一组与你的搜索匹配的应用程序。 KRunner已与Plasma软件中心 Discover集成，因此，将向您显示应用程序列表，使您可以继续直接安装。
Issue (shell) commands
In addition to applications listed in the applications menu, KRunner can also be used to run shell commands, including launching binaries. Note that when entering shell commands, KRunner will not accept partial commands or offer command auto completion.
Running a command like this brings up a wrench icon which offers additional options. You can choose to spawn a terminal and run the command there (this can be useful if your command produces text output that you want to read), or choose to run the program as a different user (by providing the username and password of that user).
Examples:
| Input | Output |
ls ~/Documents |
lists contents of ~/Documents (preferably in a terminal) |
cp ~/Documents/myFile ~/myFile |
copies myFile from ~/Documents to ~/ |
mplayer myMovie.mkv |
plays myMovie.mkv in mplayer |
Incidentally, if the command line is your thing, you may appreciate the built in integration to man pages. Simply type a command name preceded by a # or man:/ to open the man page formatted for easy readability in your browser.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
#ls |
opens the manual for ls in a browser |
man:/grep |
opens the manual for grep in a browser |
Browse websites
You can simply start typing the URL of a website to open it in your default browser. You may even type in the name of a browser bookmark and KRunner will open it for you. If you have visited the website in the past, KRunner can fetch you results from your browser's history, too.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
myBookmark |
opens the bookmark in a browser |
kde.org |
opens the KDE homepage in a browser |
http://userbase.kde.org/ |
opens Userbase in a browser |
KRunner already knows your Web Shortcuts, found in Plasma System Settings, so you can directly start using them.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
gg:KDE |
searches Google for KDE |
wp:krunner |
searches Wikipedia for krunner |
KRunner also provides options to download files from the web using KGet by providing their URL.
Additional runners exist for fast searching on Wikipedia, Wikitravel and KDE Techbase.
Open files, folders and devices
KRunner can also open files and directories on your local machine for you. If you want to browse remote machines, you can do that, too. Notice how KRunner uses kioslaves for ssh (fish:) and samba (smb:).
Examples:
| Input | Output |
file:/home/ |
opens file:///home/ (the Home directory) in Dolphin |
file:myMovie.mkv |
opens /home/myMovie.mkv |
fish:[email protected] |
opens fish:/[email protected]/ via fish (file over ssh) protocol |
smb:myWindowsBox |
opens smb:/myWindowsBox via Samba |
If you don't know the path to a file, simply type the name of the file. If the file is a recently opened document, KRunner will list it for you. If you have enabled "File Search" provided by Baloo daemon, you can also search your computer for the file by its indexed contents. KRunner will also open folders you've bookmarked in Dolphin (in your Places sidebar) if you type their name in. What's more, if you want to access devices on your system (both mounted and unmounted), you can do that, too. KRunner will even provide device-specific options.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
Home |
opens the Home directory in Dolphin |
myFlashDrive |
shows options to mount or open the contents of myFlashDrive |
Multitask with sessions, windows, desktops and activities
Several KDE applications allow you to save and load sessions. KRunner allows you to launch these sessions. You can either type in the name of the application or directly type in the name of the session. Runners exist for opening sessions saved in Kate, Konqueror, Konsole, etc.
KRunner is a multitasker's dream. If you have too many windows open, just type in the title of the window and switch directly to it. You can similarly type in the name of a virtual desktop and switch directly to it. If you roll with activities, switch activities by typing their name in. KRunner will find a match as soon as you type three characters in.
KRunner will even switch desktop sessions for you. Type in the keyword switch or new session to start a separate X session. You can switch back and forth between sessions by using the switch keyword.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
Desktop 1 |
switches the virtual desktop to Desktop 1 |
myWorkActivity |
switches the activity to myWorkActivity |
switch |
shows options to switch to an existing session or start a new one |
new session |
starts a new session |
Several plasma widgets can be launched as windowed applications. You can simply type the name of a widget and KRunner will launch a window for you.
Talk to people
Type in the name of a contact in your KAddressBook to get a list of options to contact them. Typing in an email address into KRunner will open a KMail composer window. You can also search through contacts in your Kopete contact list.
The addressbook and kopete runners don't seem to be working in SC 4.8.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
[email protected] |
compose a mail to the KDE mailing list |
myContact |
show options to contact myContact |
Listen to some music
You can control any modern audio player such as Amarok using KRunner. You can use several keywords (all configurable) to play, pause or skip songs. Typing in the name of an artist, album or song that is in Amarok's library will let you either play immediately, play next (queue) or play at the end (append) of the current playlist. You can use keywords to increase or decrease the volume of the player, or even to mute or quit it.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
play song search |
plays a song immediately |
pause |
pauses Amarok or your designated music player |
next |
plays next song in playlist |
Be on time
You can get the current date or time by typing in the keywords date or time. Selecting the result will copy it to your clipboard so you can paste it elsewhere. The format of the date and time respects your system settings.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
date |
Today's date is ... |
time |
The current time is ... |
You can even get the date and time at another location by specifying the time zone or the city listed in the TZ database.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
time UTC |
The current time in UTC is ... |
time oslo |
The current time in Europe/Oslo is ... |
time kolkata |
The current time in Asia/Kolkata is ... |
There is a runner for interfacing with Korganizer and fetching events, but it doesn't seem to be working in SC 4.8.
Calculator
KRunner features a very versatile calculator that can be called by starting or ending a calculation with an = sign. In addition to basic arithmetic, you can call scientific functions like sqrt(), sin(), log(), etc. A list of the supported functions is here. Note that trigonometric functions like sin(), cos(), etc expect the angle in radians. KRunner understands pi in expressions.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
32*12 = |
384 |
= sqrt(4) + 32*sin(30*pi/180) |
18 |
KRunner also supports combinatorics functions, like perm() or comb().
Examples:
| Input | Output |
= perm(10,5) |
30240 |
= comb(10,5) |
252 |
KRunner can also handle symbolic mathematics and perform integration and differentiation on expressions
Examples:
| Input | Output |
= integrate( -x/y^2, y ) |
-x/y |
diff( log(x) ) = |
1/x |
You can also use KRunner to solve polynomial functions to find its roots.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
= solve( x^2 + 4*x - 21 = 0 ) |
[3, -7] |
KRunner intelligently handles units as part of the calculations. Try the following examples to see how.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
= 2.5 kg * 10 m/s^2 |
25 N |
220 V / 10 A = |
22 ohms |
Since KRunner understands most units, you can use it to convert them very quickly. Note that unit conversions don't require an = sign.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
30 F |
-1.11111 degrees C (°C), 273.039 K, ... |
27.8 km |
1.09449e+06 inches (in), 17.2742 miles (mi), ... |
5 gallons in liters |
18.9271 liters (l) |
KRunner knows currencies, too. Conversions between currencies is done by fetching the exchange rate from the European Central Bank website.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
1 dollar |
0.657002 pounds sterling (GBP), 0.742501 euros (EUR), ... |
125 euros |
110.606 pounds sterling (GBP), 15,785 yen (JPY), ... |
30 JPY in RUB |
9.40731 rubles (RUB) |
Go places
If you have bookmarked locations in the Marble (in OpenStreetMap), KRunner can open the map directly.
Spell checking and special characters
KRunner can tell you whether your spelling is correct and/or suggest corrections. The default keyword to start the spellchecker is spell and can be configured.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
spell linux |
Suggested words: Linux, lynx, ... |
KRunner can also allow you to pick special characters if you can specify the hexadecimal unicode for the character, preceded by a # sign.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
#03b2 |
β |
#00b1 |
± |
Manage your computer
You can directly open system settings control modules from KRunner. Often, if you want to change something, just type associated terms and KRunner will find the control module with the settings you want.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
keyboard |
opens the Keyboard settings control module |
fonts |
opens the fonts settings control module |
password |
opens the Password & User account control module |
KRunner can also be used to adjust the screen brightness by using the keywords "screen brightness". You can specify a percentage or just turn the brightness halfway or fully down. Additionally, keywords exist to suspend, logout, shutdown or restart your machine.
Examples:
| Input | Output |
screen brightness 100 |
increases screen brightness to 100% |
sleep |
suspends computer to RAM |
lock |
locks the screen |
restart |
restarts computer |
shutdown |
shutdowns computer |
Usage
Open KRunner
The easiest way to open KRunner is to trigger its global shortcut (Alt+Space or Alt+F2, by default). In some activities (e.g. Desktop), you can simply click on the desktop and start typing. In others (e.g. Search and Launch), KRunner may be built into the activity itself.
你也可以右键你的工作区, 然后从菜单中选择或者从命令行中输入krunner来启动它.
使用 KRunner
使用 Tab/Ctrl+j 或者 Shift+Tab/Ctrl+k 来浏览上下页结果. 使用 arrow keys 在某个结果的不同选项之中移动. 使用 Enter (or left click) 选定一个结果.
探索KRunner
单击扳手图标可显示配置选项，您可以在其中启用/禁用/配置将处理搜索的运行程序。其他选项可用于更改屏幕上显示 krunner 的位置。如果你乐意的话，甚至可以将样式更改为面向任务的样式。
点击 '?' 图标可以打开一个滚动列表, 里面有所有可用的runner和对应的使用语法. 这是寻找新功能的好方法!
Tips, Tricks and FAQs
你可以在特殊的"single runner"模式下使用KRunner。在此模式下，KRunner 将只使用一个runner来处理您的搜索。相当多的runner都已经支持了此选项, 但仍有少部分没有支持。直接从KRunner打开全局快捷键控制模块，然后选择"运行命令界面"以查看可用的内容, 并为你想要的模式设置全局快捷方式，并在该模式下启动"KRunner"。你可以拥有许多运行模式, 这取决于你能找到多少快捷键。
这个 博客 提到了一些Krunner计算器的高级用法.