Kdenlive/Manual/QuickStart/zh-tw: Difference between revisions

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=== 創建新專案 ===
=== 創建新專案 ===


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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Folder-Structure.png|thumb|left|200px|Kdenlive directory structure]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Folder-Structure.png|thumb|left|200px|Kdenlive directory structure]]
首先，創建新(空)的目錄夾給我們專案使用. 我將稱它 <tt>quickstart-tutorial/</tt> 在本次的教學之中.然後放上一些範例素材, 或從這裏下載:[http://granjow.net/uploads/kdenlive/manual/kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-avi.tar.bz2 kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-avi.tar.bz2] (7 MB)<ref>假如你偏好 Theora (因為你覺得 Ogg 格式的影片常發生問題), 你可以從這裏下載 [http://granjow.net/uploads/kdenlive/manual/kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-ogv.tar.bz2 kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-ogv.tar.bz2].</ref>, 然後將它們解壓縮。 例如. 放到本專案下的子目錄 <tt>quickstart-tutorial/Videos/</tt> .
首先，創建新(空)的目錄夾給我們專案使用. 我將稱它 <tt>quickstart-tutorial/</tt> 在本次的教學之中.然後放上一些範例素材, 或從這裏下載:[http://granjow.net/uploads/kdenlive/manual/kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-avi.tar.bz2 kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-avi.tar.bz2] (7 MB)<ref>假如你偏好 Theora (因為你覺得 Ogg 格式的影片常發生問題), 你可以從這裏下載 [http://granjow.net/uploads/kdenlive/manual/kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-ogv.tar.bz2 kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-ogv.tar.bz2].</ref>, 然後將它們解壓縮。 例如. 放到本專案下的子目錄 <tt>quickstart-tutorial/Videos/</tt> .
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左邊的圖片顯示建議的目錄結構:每個專案有自己的目錄，將影片檔放在<tt>Videos</tt> 子目錄，聲音檔放在 <tt>Audio</tt>子目錄，等。([[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Projects_and_Files#File_Structure|read more]])
左邊的圖片顯示建議的目錄結構:每個專案有自己的目錄，將影片檔放在<tt>Videos</tt> 子目錄，聲音檔放在 <tt>Audio</tt>子目錄，等。([[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Projects_and_Files#File_Structure|read more]])
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-New-Project.png|thumb|left|200px|New Project dialog]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-New-Project.png|thumb|left|200px|New Project dialog]]
Open '''Kdenlive''' and create a new project (<menuchoice>File -> New</menuchoice>).  
打開 '''Kdenlive''' 之後, 新建一個專案 (<menuchoice>檔案 -> 新增</menuchoice>).
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Choose the previously created project folder (<tt>quickstart-tutorial/</tt>) and select an appropriate project profile. The video files provided above are 720p, 23.98 fps.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/720p 720] is the video height, p stands for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan progressive scan] in contrast to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlaced_video interlaced video], and the fps number denotes the number of full frames per second.</ref> If you are using your own files and don’t know which one to use, '''Kdenlive''' will suggest an appropriate one when the first clip is added <ref>Provided Configure Kdenlive Settings under [[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Settings_Menu/Configure_Kdenlive#Misc|Misc ]] is set to ''Check if first added clip matches project profile''</ref> , so you can leave the field on whatever it is.
選擇剛才新建的目錄夾(<tt>quickstart-tutorial/</tt>) ，然後選擇一個合適的專案描述檔。上面提供的影片是720p, 23.98 fps.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/720p 720] 是片的高度 , p 代表 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_scan 增進式掃描] 可對照 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlaced_video interlaced video], 而 fps 數字表示每秒鐘的影格數.</ref> 假如您用自己的檔案並不清楚該用那一個, '''Kdenlive''' 在你載入第一個素材時將建議你一個合適的描述檔<ref> Kdenlive 設定提供的組態, 在 [[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Settings_Menu/Configure_Kdenlive#Misc|Misc ]] 這裏設定成 ''Check if first added clip matches project profile當第一個素材加入時檢查合適的專案描述檔''</ref>
 
If you like you can change to the dark theme: <menuchoice>Settings -> Colour Theme</menuchoice> i.e Breeze-Dark


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=== Adding clips ===
=== 加上素材 ===


[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Add-Clips.png|thumb|left|400px|Project Tree: Adding video clips]]
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Add-Clips.png|thumb|left|400px|Project Tree: 加上影片素材]]
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Now that the project is ready, let’s start adding some clips (i.e. the ones you downloaded). This works via the ''Project Tree widget''; a click on the <menuchoice>Add Clip</menuchoice> icon {{Icon|add-clip}} directly opens the file dialog, a click on the small arrow shows a list of additional clip types that can be added as well. Video clips, audio clips, images, and other '''Kdenlive''' projects can be added via the default <menuchoice>Add Clip</menuchoice> dialog.
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現在專案已經準備好了，讓我們加上一些素材(就是之前下載的影片檔)。在 ''Project Tree widget''作業; 點擊 <menuchoice>Add Clip</menuchoice> 圖示 {{Icon|add-clip}} 直接打開檔案對話盒,點擊小箭頭看看有那些影片格式可以加進專案使用. 影片素材, 聲音素材, 圖片, 及其他的 '''Kdenlive''' 專案可以加來用的。通過預設的 <menuchoice>Add Clip</menuchoice> 對話盒.
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Mainwindow.png|thumb|left|400px|Kdenlive 0.8 window with the tutorial files]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Mainwindow.png|thumb|left|400px|Kdenlive 0.8 window with the tutorial files]]
After loading the clips, '''Kdenlive''' will look similar to this. On the top left there is the already known project tree. Right of it are the monitors that show video; The clip monitor displays video from the original clips, the project monitor shows how the output video will look, with all effects, transitions, etc. applied. The third, also very important, item is the timeline (below the monitors): This is the place where the video clips will be edited. There are two different types of tracks, Video and Audio. Video tracks can contain any kind of clip, audio tracks as well – but when dropping a video file to the audio track, only the audio will be used.
載入素材之後,'''Kdenlive'''看起來是這個樣子，在左上方是已知的專案樹. 右邊是影片的監視器; 素材的監視器播放原始的素材內容, 專案監視器播放未來輸出的影片, 包含了所有的特效，轉場等等. 第三個分頁, 也很重要, 時間軸 (在監視器下方): 這裏是影片素材編輯的地方.有兩種型態的編輯軌, 影片和聲音. 影片軌可以放任何型態的素材, 音訊軌也是 – 但是當你拉一段影片檔到音訊軌, 只有音訊部分可以編輯.
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Save-Project.png|thumb|left|400px|Saving a Kdenlive project]]
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Let’s save the work via <menuchoice>File -> Save</menuchoice>. This saves our project, i.e. where we placed the clips on the timeline, which effects we applied, and so on. It can ''not'' be played.<ref>To be correct, it ''can'' be played using <code>melt yourproject.kdenlive</code>, but this is not the way you would want to present your final video since it is (most likely) too slow. Additionally, it only works if melt is installed.</ref> The process of creating the final video is called ''Rendering''.
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Save-Project.png|thumb|left|400px|儲存 Kdenlive 專案]]
讓我們透過 <menuchoice>File -> Save</menuchoice>存檔. 整個專案會儲存， i.e. 當我們在時間軸上放上影片, 用上了特效, 等等異動. 目前還 ''不能'' 播放.<ref>想要播的話, ''可以'' 用指令 <code>melt yourproject.kdenlive</code>來播放, 但這不是您想要播放最終影片的方式因為 這樣太慢 (大部分時候) . 此外, 它要有安裝melt 才能播放.</ref> 產生最終影片的過程稱為 ''Rendering''.
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<span id="Timeline"></span>
<span id="Timeline"></span>
=== Timeline ===
=== 時間軸 ===


See also [[Special:MyLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Timeline|Timeline section of the manual]]
可參閱 [[Special:MyLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Timeline|使用手冊的時間軸章節]]


Now comes the actual editing. Project clips are combined to the final result on the timeline. They get there by drag and drop: Drag some Napoli (assuming you are using the files provided above, as in the rest of this quick start tutorial; If not, please make sure your screen is waterproof, and perhaps tomatoproof), and drop it onto the first track in the timeline.
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現在開始動手來編輯. 專案素材在時間軸上被組合成最終結果. 它們可拖拉於其上: 拖住 Napoli (假設你正在用之前下載的檔案, 完成此教學剩餘的部分; 假如不是, 請確認你的螢幕是防水的或是防蕃茄), 然它將他放於時間軸的第一軸.
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Timeline-Clips.png|thumb|left|400px|First clips in the timeline]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Timeline-Clips.png|thumb|left|400px|First clips in the timeline]]
Since some cutlery is needed as well, drop the spoon on the first track as well. Then drag the Napoli to the beginning of the timeline (otherwise the rendered video would start with some seconds of plain black), and the Spoon right after the Napoli, such that it looks like in the image on the left. (Where I have zoomed in with <keycap>Ctrl + Wheel</keycap>.)  
這時需要一些修飾,請把spoon放在第一軌上. 把 Napoli 拖到時間軸的開頭 (不然，待會混製過的影片開頭的前幾秒會空空(黑黑)的沒東西), 將 Spoon 放在 Napoli的右邊, 圖片位於左邊. (在這裏我已經放大了，用 <keycap>Ctrl + Wheel</keycap>.)
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[[File:Kdenlive_Quickstart-TimelineCursor.png|thumb|left|Timeline cursor]]
[[File:Kdenlive_Quickstart-TimelineCursor.png|thumb|left|Timeline cursor]]
The result can already be previewed by pressing <keycap>Space</keycap> (or the <menuchoice>Play</menuchoice> button in the project monitor). You will see the Napoli directly followed by a Spoon. If the timeline cursor is not at the beginning, the project monitor will start playing somewhere in the middle; you can move it by dragging it either on the timeline ruler or in the project monitor. If you prefer keyboard shortcuts, <keycap>Ctrl + Home</keycap> does the same for the monitor that is activated. (Select the <menuchoice>Project Monitor</menuchoice> if it is not selected yet before using the shortcut.)
預覽結果，可按 <keycap>Space</keycap> (或 專案監視器的<menuchoice>Play</menuchoice> ). 你將看到 Napoli 之後接著 Spoon. 假如時間軸的播放線( cursor )不在開頭處, 專案覽視器會在某處開始播放; 你可在時間軸的度量尺上拖曳播放線或是或是在專案監視上按倒帶鍵. 假如你偏愛快速鍵, <keycap>Ctrl + Home</keycap> 可以對播放的監視器做一樣的事. (選擇 <menuchoice>Project Monitor</menuchoice> 如果你要用快速鍵時，還沒選擇的話.)


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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Resize-Marker.png|thumb|left|Resize marker]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Resize-Marker.png|thumb|left|Resize marker]]
Since after eating comes playing, there is a Billard clip. Add it to the timeline as well. The first 1.5 seconds nothing happens in the clip, so it should perhaps be '''cut''' to avoid the video becoming boring. An easy way<ref>Writing it this way suggests that there are several ways of cutting a clip. This is in fact true.</ref> for this is to move the timeline cursor to the desired position (i.e. the position where you want to cut the video), then drag the left border of the clip when the resize marker appears. It will snap in at the timeline cursor when you move close enough.
編輯後接著該播放 , Billard 素材. 同樣把它加上時間軸. 素材的開頭 1.5 秒沒任何事發生, 所以可以 '''cut''' 掉，以免影片變得無趣. 簡單的做法可參考<ref>Writing it this way suggests that there are several ways of cutting a clip. This is in fact true.</ref> 將時間軸播放紅線移到你想要的位置 (i.e. 你想要剪掉的位置), 拖曳素材的左邊界線，然後調整大小的標記(resize marker)出現了. 當您移動的夠近它將snap in at 播放紅線 。
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Overlap-Clips.png|thumb|left|Overlapping clips]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Overlap-Clips.png|thumb|left|Overlapping clips]]
To add a ''transition'' between eating (the Spoon) and playing billard, the two clips need to overlap. To be precise: the second clip should be above or below the first one and end some frames after the second one begins. Zooming in until the ticks for single frames appear helps here; it also makes it easy to always have the same transition duration, like five frames in this case.
加上 ''過場(transition)'' 在吃 (the Spoon) 和 玩 billard之間, 兩段素材必須重疊(overlap)一部分. 清確地說: 第二段素材須要放在第一段素材之上或之下，第二段開始前還額外多一些影格. 放大，一直到Zooming in until the ticks for single frames appear helps here;總是用一樣的轉場時段(transition duration)會讓事情變得容易, 例如:在這裏用5個影格.
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You can zoom in by either using the <menuchoice>zoom slider</menuchoice> at the bottom of the '''Kdenlive''' window, or with <keycap>Ctrl + Mousewheel</keycap>. '''Kdenlive''' will zoom to the timeline cursor, so first set it to the position which you want to see enlarged, then zoom in.
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您可經由  '''Kdenlive''' 視窗下方的<menuchoice>zoom slider</menuchoice>, 或是 <keycap>Ctrl + Mousewheel</keycap>來放大. '''Kdenlive''' 將對時間播放紅線來放大縮小, 所以首先你可將你想要放大的部分設定其位置, 然後放大它.
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[[File:Kdenlive-Quickstart-Add-Transition.png|thumb|left|Transition marker]]
[[File:Kdenlive-Quickstart-Add-Transition.png|thumb|left|Transition marker]]
<span id="transition"></span>Now that the clips overlap, the transition can be added. This is done either by right-clicking on the upper clip and choosing <menuchoice>Add Transition</menuchoice> or, easier, by clicking the green triangle that appears when you hover the mouse over the lower right corner of the Spoon clip. The latter, by default, adds a dissolve transition, which is in this case the best idea anyway since the Spoon is not required for playing anyway.
<span id="transition"></span>現在，這些素材已重疊到, 可加上轉場. 你可在上方的素材按右鍵然後選擇 <menuchoice>Add Transition</menuchoice> 或者, 簡單一點, 點選綠色的三角型，這會出現在你滑鼠移到 Spoon 素材右下角時顯現出來. 後者, 預設, 會加上一個dissolve 轉場, 在這個狀況算是不錯的點子，因為Spoon 已經播放完不需要再播放了.
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The dissolve transitions fades the first clip into the second one. See also [[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Transitions|Transition section of the manual]].
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dissolve 轉場將第一素材慢慢淡出後接到第二素材. 可參閱 [[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Transitions|使用手冊的轉場章節]].
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[[File:Kdenlive-Quickstart-Add-Last-Clip.png|thumb|left|400px]]
[[File:Kdenlive-Quickstart-Add-Last-Clip.png|thumb|left|400px]]
Let’s add the last clip, the Piano, now, and again apply a dissolve transition. When adding it on the first track of the timeline, you need to click on the new clip’s lower left edge to add the transition to the previous clip.
加上最後的素材, Piano, 同樣再加上 dissolve 轉場. 當您把它加入時間軸的第一軌時, 您必須點擊新素材的左下邊將轉場加到前一段素材.
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==== Effects ====
==== 特效 ====


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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Add-Effect.png|thumb|left|400px|Effect List]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Add-Effect.png|thumb|left|400px|Effect List]]
The Piano can be colourized by adding an ''effect'' to it. Select the piano clip, then double-click the <menuchoice>RGB Adjustment</menuchoice> effect in the <menuchoice>Effect List</menuchoice>. If it is not visible, you can get it via <menuchoice>View -> Effect List</menuchoice>.
  Piano 可經由 ''特效''讓它增色不少 . 選擇 piano 素材, 雙擊 <menuchoice>特效集</menuchoice>裏的<menuchoice>RGB 調整</menuchoice> . 假如沒看到這個選單, 你可從 <menuchoice>View -> Effect List</menuchoice>點選.
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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Effect-Flag.png|thumb|left|352px]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Effect-Flag.png|thumb|left|352px]]
Once the effect has been added, its name will be added to the timeline clip. It will also be shown in the <menuchoice>Effect Stack</menuchoice> widget.
一旦加上特效, 它的名字會加上時間軸的素材上. 它也會秀在 <menuchoice>Effect Stack</menuchoice> 上.
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[[File:Kdenlive-Quickstart-EffectStack.png|thumb|left|400px|Effect Stack with RGB adjustment]]
[[File:Kdenlive-Quickstart-EffectStack.png|thumb|left|400px|Effect Stack with RGB adjustment]]
To get a warm yellow-orange tone on the image, fitting the comfortable evening, blue needs to be reduced and red and green improved.  
為影像加添溫暖的黃橙色調, 適合舒服的傍晚, blue needs to be reduced and red and green improved.
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The values in the effect stack widget can be changed by using the slider (middle mouse button resets it to the default value), or by entering a value directly by double-clicking the number right to the slider.  
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在特效層(effect stack widget )可用拉桿(slider)改變其值 (滑鼠中鍵可以重設回預設值), 或直接輸入值.
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Effects can also be added with the <menuchoice>Add new effect</menuchoice> icon (framed in the image on the left) in the <menuchoice>Effect Stack</menuchoice>; It always refers to the timeline clip that is currently selected. By unchecking the checkbox they are temporarily disabled (the settings remain though), this is e.g. useful for effects that require a lot of computing power, so they can be disabled when editing and enabled again for rendering.
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這時也能在 <menuchoice>特效層Effect Stack</menuchoice>裏按<menuchoice>Add new effect</menuchoice>圖示(位於左邊的圖片) 加上新特效; 這些特效是作用於目前選定的時間軸上的素材。勾掉特效選項讓此特效失效(設定還在),這是很實用的功能，因為特效會消耗大量電力，修片時可以選失效，合成時再選有效即可。 \
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For some effects, like the one used there, it is possible to add keyframes. The framed watch icon indicates this. Keyframes are used for changing effect parameters over time. In our clip this allows us to fade the piano’s colour from a warm evening colour to a cold night colour.  
有些特效，像這裏用到的，可以新增關鍵影格。The framed watch icon indicates this.關鍵影格用於隨時間改變特效參數. 在我們的素材可以讓我們讓 piano的淡色從溫暖的黃昏色調慢慢淡出成冷冷的夜晚色調.  


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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Keyframes.png|thumb|left|400px|Keyframes for effects]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Keyframes.png|thumb|left|400px|Keyframes for effects]]
After clicking the <menuchoice>keyframe</menuchoice> icon (the clock icon framed in the previous image), the Effect Stack widget will re-arrange. By default there will be two keyframes, one at the beginning of the timeline clip and one at the end. Move the timeline cursor to the end of the timeline clip, such that the project monitor actually shows the new colours when changing the parameters of the keyframe at the end.  
點擊 <menuchoice>keyframe</menuchoice> 圖示之後 (時鐘圖示位於上一張圖), 特效層將重排. 預設是兩種關鍵影格, 一個在時間軸開頭一個在結尾. 移動時間軸播放紅線到素材的結尾, 呈現的效果是專案監視器會隨著結尾的關鍵影格的參數改變播放出新的顏色.
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Make sure the last keyframe is selected in the Effect Stack’s list. Then you are ready to flood the piano with a deep blue.
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確定選定了特效裏的最後一個關鍵影格，然後你會看到piano被深藍色淹沒。
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Moving the timeline cursor to the beginning of the project and playing it (with <keycap>Space</keycap>, or the <menuchoice>Play</menuchoice> button in the <menuchoice>Project Monitor</menuchoice>), the piano should now change the colour as desired.
將播放紅線移至專案的開頭，然後播放 (使用 <keycap>Space</keycap>, 或是 <menuchoice>專案監視器</menuchoice>)下方的<menuchoice>播放</menuchoice>鍵, piano 應該會如願的變色.


Keyframing was the hardest part of this tutorial. If you managed to do it, you will master '''Kdenlive''' easily!
關鍵影格是本教學裏最困難的部分. 假如你可以正確完成它, 之後您將輕易地經通'''Kdenlive''' !


See also [[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Effects|Effects section of the manual]].
可參閱[[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual/Effects|Effects section of the manual]]。


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==== Music ====
==== 音樂 ====


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[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Fadeout.png|thumb|left|400px|Audio fadeout]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Fadeout.png|thumb|left|400px|Audio fadeout]]
Since the clips do not provide any audio, let’s search for some nice piece of music, on your local collection or on web pages like [http://www.jamendo.com Jamendo]. The audio clip should, after adding it, go to an audio track on the timeline.
因為來源素材沒有配樂, 讓我們來找一些好聽的音樂, 或是您自己的收藏或是 [http://www.jamendo.com Jamendo]網站. 如果是聲音素材請加到音訊軌.
</div>


The audio clip can be resized on the timeline the same way as video clips are. The cursor will snap in at the end of the project automatically. To add a fade out effect at the end of the audio clip (except if you found a file with exactly the right length) you can hover the top right (or left) edge of the timeline clip and drag the green disc to the position where fading out should start.<ref>This green disc is a shorthand for adding the effect <menuchoice>Fade -> Fade out</menuchoice>. Both ways lead to the same result.</ref>
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
聲音素材和影片素材一樣可以調整大小. 播放線會自動停在專案的結尾. 在聲音素材結尾加入淡出的特效 (除非你找到一段剛好長度一樣長的配樂，就不用擔心多餘的部分，或不足的部分) 你將滑鼠輕放在  素材的右上 (或 左上)方， 將綠色光碟拖到淡出開始的位置。<ref>綠色的光碟是簡捷手法，你也可以用 <menuchoice>Fade -> Fade out</menuchoice>來加入特效. 兩種方法會得到一樣的結果。</ref>
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=== Rendering ===
=== 合成 ===


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Renderer.png|thumb|left|200px|Rendering dialog]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Renderer.png|thumb|left|200px|Rendering dialog]]
A few minutes left, and the project is finished! Click the Render button (or go to <menuchoice>Project -> Render</menuchoice>, or press <keycap>Ctrl + Enter</keycap>) to get the dialog shown on the left. Select the desired output file for our new video with all effects and transitions, choose MPEG4 (works nearly everywhere) and a bitrate of 2000k (the higher the bitrate, the larger the output file and the better the quality – but since the bitrate for the input clips was 2000k already, using a higher one would not improve quality and is therefore unnecessary), and press the <menuchoice>Render to File</menuchoice> button.  
花了幾分鐘時間, 您已完成了專案! 請按下Render 按鍵 (或是 <menuchoice>Project -> Render</menuchoice>, 或是 <keycap>Ctrl + Enter</keycap>) 打開位於左邊的對話盒. 選擇想要我們的新影片(含特效及轉檔)的輸出格式, 選 MPEG4 (幾乎是到處皆可用) 選  2000k 的bitrate(bitrate愈高, 輸出檔容量愈大 ，品質愈好 – 不過，因為原來的素材已經是 2000k bitrate , 使用較高的bitrate並不會改善品質，因此沒必要), 然後按下 <menuchoice>Render to File</menuchoice> 按鍵.
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<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Rendering.png|thumb|left|200px|Rendering progress]]
[[File:Kdenlive Quickstart-Rendering.png|thumb|left|200px|Rendering progress]]
After some seconds rendering will be finished, and your first '''Kdenlive''' project completed. Congratulations!
幾秒後，將完成合成(rendering) , 你的第一個 '''Kdenlive''' 專案完成. 恭禧!
</div>


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=== References and notes ===
=== Complete manual ===
 
Further documentation for the current version of '''Kdenlive''' can be found in [[Special:myLanguage/Kdenlive/Manual |  the full manual]].
 
=== 參考與注意事項 ===
<references/>
<references/>


Latest revision as of 23:06, 23 September 2022

Other languages:

Quick Start

創建新專案

Kdenlive directory structure

首先，創建新(空)的目錄夾給我們專案使用. 我將稱它 quickstart-tutorial/ 在本次的教學之中.然後放上一些範例素材, 或從這裏下載:kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-avi.tar.bz2 (7 MB)[1], 然後將它們解壓縮。 例如. 放到本專案下的子目錄 quickstart-tutorial/Videos/ .

左邊的圖片顯示建議的目錄結構:每個專案有自己的目錄，將影片檔放在Videos 子目錄，聲音檔放在 Audio子目錄，等。(read more)

(從現在開始，本教學假設您使用範例影片，當然你也可以用其他的範例影片。)


New Project dialog

打開 Kdenlive 之後, 新建一個專案 (檔案 -> 新增).

選擇剛才新建的目錄夾(quickstart-tutorial/) ，然後選擇一個合適的專案描述檔。上面提供的影片是720p, 23.98 fps.[2] 假如您用自己的檔案並不清楚該用那一個, Kdenlive 在你載入第一個素材時將建議你一個合適的描述檔[3]

If you like you can change to the dark theme: Settings -> Colour Theme i.e Breeze-Dark


加上素材

Project Tree: 加上影片素材

現在專案已經準備好了，讓我們加上一些素材(就是之前下載的影片檔)。在 Project Tree widget作業; 點擊 Add Clip 圖示 直接打開檔案對話盒,點擊小箭頭看看有那些影片格式可以加進專案使用. 影片素材, 聲音素材, 圖片, 及其他的 Kdenlive 專案可以加來用的。通過預設的 Add Clip 對話盒.


Kdenlive 0.8 window with the tutorial files
載入素材之後,Kdenlive看起來是這個樣子，在左上方是已知的專案樹. 右邊是影片的監視器; 素材的監視器播放原始的素材內容, 專案監視器播放未來輸出的影片, 包含了所有的特效，轉場等等. 第三個分頁, 也很重要, 時間軸 (在監視器下方): 這裏是影片素材編輯的地方.有兩種型態的編輯軌, 影片和聲音. 影片軌可以放任何型態的素材, 音訊軌也是 – 但是當你拉一段影片檔到音訊軌, 只有音訊部分可以編輯.


儲存 Kdenlive 專案
讓我們透過 File -> Save存檔. 整個專案會儲存， i.e. 當我們在時間軸上放上影片, 用上了特效, 等等異動. 目前還 不能 播放.[4] 產生最終影片的過程稱為 Rendering.


時間軸

可參閱 使用手冊的時間軸章節

現在開始動手來編輯. 專案素材在時間軸上被組合成最終結果. 它們可拖拉於其上: 拖住 Napoli (假設你正在用之前下載的檔案, 完成此教學剩餘的部分; 假如不是, 請確認你的螢幕是防水的或是防蕃茄), 然它將他放於時間軸的第一軸.

First clips in the timeline
這時需要一些修飾,請把spoon放在第一軌上. 把 Napoli 拖到時間軸的開頭 (不然，待會混製過的影片開頭的前幾秒會空空(黑黑)的沒東西), 將 Spoon 放在 Napoli的右邊, 圖片位於左邊. (在這裏我已經放大了，用 Ctrl + Wheel.)


Timeline cursor
預覽結果，可按 Space (或 專案監視器的Play ). 你將看到 Napoli 之後接著 Spoon. 假如時間軸的播放線( cursor )不在開頭處, 專案覽視器會在某處開始播放; 你可在時間軸的度量尺上拖曳播放線或是或是在專案監視上按倒帶鍵. 假如你偏愛快速鍵, Ctrl + Home 可以對播放的監視器做一樣的事. (選擇 Project Monitor 如果你要用快速鍵時，還沒選擇的話.)


Resize marker
編輯後接著該播放 , Billard 素材. 同樣把它加上時間軸. 素材的開頭 1.5 秒沒任何事發生, 所以可以 cut 掉，以免影片變得無趣. 簡單的做法可參考[5] 將時間軸播放紅線移到你想要的位置 (i.e. 你想要剪掉的位置), 拖曳素材的左邊界線，然後調整大小的標記(resize marker)出現了. 當您移動的夠近它將snap in at 播放紅線 。


Overlapping clips
加上 過場(transition) 在吃 (the Spoon) 和 玩 billard之間, 兩段素材必須重疊(overlap)一部分. 清確地說: 第二段素材須要放在第一段素材之上或之下，第二段開始前還額外多一些影格. 放大，一直到Zooming in until the ticks for single frames appear helps here;總是用一樣的轉場時段(transition duration)會讓事情變得容易, 例如:在這裏用5個影格.

您可經由 Kdenlive 視窗下方的zoom slider, 或是 Ctrl + Mousewheel來放大. Kdenlive 將對時間播放紅線來放大縮小, 所以首先你可將你想要放大的部分設定其位置, 然後放大它.


Transition marker

現在，這些素材已重疊到, 可加上轉場. 你可在上方的素材按右鍵然後選擇 Add Transition 或者, 簡單一點, 點選綠色的三角型，這會出現在你滑鼠移到 Spoon 素材右下角時顯現出來. 後者, 預設, 會加上一個dissolve 轉場, 在這個狀況算是不錯的點子，因為Spoon 已經播放完不需要再播放了. 

dissolve 轉場將第一素材慢慢淡出後接到第二素材. 可參閱 使用手冊的轉場章節.



加上最後的素材,  Piano,  同樣再加上 dissolve 轉場. 當您把它加入時間軸的第一軌時, 您必須點擊新素材的左下邊將轉場加到前一段素材.



特效

Effect List
 Piano 可經由 特效讓它增色不少 .  選擇 piano 素材, 雙擊 特效集裏的RGB 調整  . 假如沒看到這個選單, 你可從 View -> Effect List點選.




一旦加上特效, 它的名字會加上時間軸的素材上. 它也會秀在 Effect Stack 上.


Effect Stack with RGB adjustment

為影像加添溫暖的黃橙色調, 適合舒服的傍晚, blue needs to be reduced and red and green improved.

在特效層(effect stack widget )可用拉桿(slider)改變其值 (滑鼠中鍵可以重設回預設值), 或直接輸入值.

這時也能在 特效層Effect Stack裏按Add new effect圖示(位於左邊的圖片) 加上新特效; 這些特效是作用於目前選定的時間軸上的素材。勾掉特效選項讓此特效失效(設定還在),這是很實用的功能，因為特效會消耗大量電力，修片時可以選失效，合成時再選有效即可。 \

有些特效，像這裏用到的，可以新增關鍵影格。The framed watch icon indicates this.關鍵影格用於隨時間改變特效參數. 在我們的素材可以讓我們讓 piano的淡色從溫暖的黃昏色調慢慢淡出成冷冷的夜晚色調.


Keyframes for effects
點擊 keyframe 圖示之後 (時鐘圖示位於上一張圖), 特效層將重排. 預設是兩種關鍵影格, 一個在時間軸開頭一個在結尾. 移動時間軸播放紅線到素材的結尾, 呈現的效果是專案監視器會隨著結尾的關鍵影格的參數改變播放出新的顏色.

確定選定了特效裏的最後一個關鍵影格，然後你會看到piano被深藍色淹沒。

將播放紅線移至專案的開頭，然後播放 (使用 Space, 或是 專案監視器)下方的播放鍵, piano 應該會如願的變色.

關鍵影格是本教學裏最困難的部分. 假如你可以正確完成它, 之後您將輕易地經通Kdenlive !

可參閱Effects section of the manual。


音樂

Audio fadeout
因為來源素材沒有配樂, 讓我們來找一些好聽的音樂, 或是您自己的收藏或是 Jamendo網站. 如果是聲音素材請加到音訊軌.

聲音素材和影片素材一樣可以調整大小. 播放線會自動停在專案的結尾. 在聲音素材結尾加入淡出的特效 (除非你找到一段剛好長度一樣長的配樂，就不用擔心多餘的部分，或不足的部分) 你將滑鼠輕放在 素材的右上 (或 左上)方， 將綠色光碟拖到淡出開始的位置。[6]


合成

Rendering dialog

花了幾分鐘時間, 您已完成了專案! 請按下Render 按鍵 (或是 Project -> Render, 或是 Ctrl + Enter) 打開位於左邊的對話盒. 選擇想要我們的新影片(含特效及轉檔)的輸出格式, 選 MPEG4 (幾乎是到處皆可用) 選 2000k 的bitrate(bitrate愈高, 輸出檔容量愈大 ，品質愈好 – 不過，因為原來的素材已經是 2000k bitrate , 使用較高的bitrate並不會改善品質，因此沒必要), 然後按下 Render to File 按鍵.


Rendering progress
幾秒後，將完成合成(rendering) , 你的第一個 Kdenlive 專案完成. 恭禧!


Complete manual

Further documentation for the current version of Kdenlive can be found in the full manual.

參考與注意事項

  1. ↑ 假如你偏好 Theora (因為你覺得 Ogg 格式的影片常發生問題), 你可以從這裏下載 kdenlive-tutorial-videos-2011-ogv.tar.bz2.
  2. ↑ 720 是片的高度 , p 代表 增進式掃描 可對照 interlaced video, 而 fps 數字表示每秒鐘的影格數.
  3. ↑ Kdenlive 設定提供的組態, 在 Misc 這裏設定成 Check if first added clip matches project profile當第一個素材加入時檢查合適的專案描述檔
  4. ↑ 想要播的話, 可以 用指令 melt yourproject.kdenlive來播放, 但這不是您想要播放最終影片的方式因為 這樣太慢 (大部分時候) . 此外, 它要有安裝melt 才能播放.
  5. ↑ Writing it this way suggests that there are several ways of cutting a clip. This is in fact true.
  6. ↑ 綠色的光碟是簡捷手法，你也可以用 Fade -> Fade out來加入特效. 兩種方法會得到一樣的結果。
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