Plasma: Difference between revisions

From KDE UserBase Wiki
No edit summary
(Simplify command to replace current plasmashell)
 
(135 intermediate revisions by 28 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Template:I18n/Language Navigation Bar|Plasma/Introduction_to_Plasma}}
<languages />
<translate>


{{Info|If you are looking for the Plasma FAQ, the current version is available [[Plasma/FAQ | on this page]].}}
== At A Glance == <!--T:4-->


== An introduction: what Plasma is, and what it does ==
<!--T:85-->
Plasma is the KDE workspace. Actually it is a technology that can adapt to many types of devices. Currently there are two varieties of Plasma: The Plasma Desktop environment which is the focus of the majority of our pages and Plasma Mobile, the new cool  environment for pads and smartphones. The [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Netbooks|Plasma Netbook]] environment was removed in KDE Plasma 5 and replaced with the Application Dashboard menu.


''Plasma'' provides the desktop interface for KDE 4, including the application launcher (start menu), the desktop and the desktop panel (often referred to simply as the task bar).
<!--T:5-->
A typical Plasma desktop looks like this:
 
<!--T:6-->
[[Image:Plasma_Desktop.png|600px|center]]
 
<!--T:7-->
The four key components of a default Plasma desktop are:
 
<!--T:8-->
* '''The [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Panels|panel]]''', sometimes referred to as "the task bar", it provides room for the application launcher, the list of windows (programs), clock and system tray;
* '''The desktop''', the area where widgets and icons reside;
* '''The [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma#Folder_Views|folder view]]''', a widget that lists the content of a folder on your computer, giving you quick access to basic file management tasks;
* '''The Plasma toolbox''' This is located at the top left of the screen as well as at end of the panel. These are used to access configuration and other options quickly and reliably.
 
<!--T:71-->
All of these default items are fully configurable and can host a wide variety of tools and content.
 
=== The Plasma Desktop FAQ === <!--T:1-->
 
<!--T:72-->
A "Frequent Asked Questions" for the current version of the Plasma Desktop is maintained [[Special:mylanguage/Plasma/FAQ/Index | on this page]]. It provides succinct answers to common questions as well as links to FAQs for older versions.
 
=== Finding your way around Plasma === <!--T:9-->
 
<!--T:10-->
You can use Plasma as you would use the desktop of any other operating system, by accessing the [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Kickoff|application launcher]], viewing the currently active programs on the [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Tasks|taskbar]], accessing icons on the system tray, and so on.
 
<!--T:11-->
An important part of Plasma are the "widgets". Widgets are the individual units of the desktop and they include (although they are not limited to) the application menu, icons, the system tray, the clock, etc. Widgets can exist on the desktop itself, or be inserted into the panel, on the screen saver or on the dashboard among other places. Widgets exist for a large number of tasks besides usual desktop helpers, including microblogging (Twitter, identi.ca), unit conversion calculators, weather forecasts, file sharing and much more. Panels and desktops are also special kinds of widgets themselves, meant to contain other widgets.  


== Plasma at a glance ==
<!--T:12-->
How does that relate with desktop usage? Plasma has some new features with respect to traditional desktop usage. We have already mentioned the Plasma toolboxes: those are the way to start interacting and customizing your Plasma Desktop. By clicking on them, a menu will pop up on the screen with a variety of choices: from there you can add widgets to your panel or desktop, resize, add or remove panels, change the wallpaper and other operations.


A typical Plasma desktop looks like this:
</translate><span id="Folder_Views"></span><translate>
 
===  Folder Views === <!--T:13-->
 
<!--T:14-->
As you may notice in the screenshot above, there are no icons placed directly on the desktop. Instead, they are placed inside a container called a "Folder View". By default, the Folder View shows the Desktop folder and allows you to drag files to it, open them, cut, copy, paste, rename files and also create new folders/files.
 
<!--T:16-->
You can have more than one Folder View on the desktop, and they can also be placed in panels. You can set Folder View to show any folder, local or remote, you have access to. Each Folder View can be moved and resized independently to your preference.
 
<!--T:73-->
Folder View can also be set as the default full-screen desktop background for a more traditional "icons scattered on the desktop" layout.
 
=== Panels === <!--T:30-->
 
<!--T:31-->
[[Image:Panel_Settings.png|512px|center]]
 
<!--T:74-->
Panels allow you to place widgets around the edges of the screen. These collections of widgets can be configured in various ways, including making them automatically hide when not in use or aligned to certain areas of the screen.
 
<!--T:75-->
By default, there is one panel at the bottom of the screen, but you can add more panels, move and otherwise configure the default panel and remove panels you no longer want. The widgets in all of the panels may also be adjusted to your liking.
 
<!--T:76-->
For more information on configuring panels in Plasma Desktop and what they are capable of doing for you, visit the [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Panels|Plasma Panels]] page.
 
<!--T:89-->
[[Special:myLanguage/LatteDock|Latte Dock]] is an alternative panel.
 
=== Widgets === <!--T:18-->
 
<!--T:80-->
[[Image:WidgetsPlasma.png|thumb|150px|left|Plasma Widgets]]
 
<!--T:19-->
Plasma supports widgets written specifically for Plasma (also known as Plasmoids) as well as widgets from other sources such as Google Gadgets, Superkaramba and some Dashboard Widgets from Mac OSX. Additional widgets can easily be found and installed through [[Special:myLanguage/Glossary#Get Hot New Stuff|Get Hot New Stuff]].
 
<!--T:82-->
To see the widgets that are installed on your system and ready to use open the Plasma Widget Explorer by either
* opening the Desktop Toolbox in the upper right corner of the screen and selecting <menuchoice>Add Widgets</menuchoice>,
* opening the Panel Toolbox furthest to the right in the Panel and  selecting <menuchoice>Add Widgets</menuchoice>, or
* right clicking on the Desktop and choosing <menuchoice>Add Widgets</menuchoice> from the context menu.
 
<!--T:83-->
To place a widget on the Desktop simply drag it from the Widget Explorer to the Desktop. To place a widget in the panel first open the Panel Toolbox and from there open the Widget Explorer (click <menuchoice>Add Widgets</menuchoice>), locate the widget you wish to add and drag it to the desired position in the Panel. <br clear=all/>
 
<!--T:84-->
{{Note|1=You can not add widgets if they are locked. Open the Desktop Toolbox or the Panel Toolbox or right click on the Desktop - if you see an item labeled <menuchoice>Unlock Widgets</menuchoice> then select that, and then proceed to add widgets to your Desktop or your Panel.
<br />
When you are done adding widgets you might want to lock widgets again: Open a Toolbox or the Desktop context menu and click <menuchoice>Lock Widgets</menuchoice>.}}


[[Image:Plasma_desktop_resized.png]]
<!--T:20-->
Widgets that are docked into a panel usually have an Options menu, while those on the desktop have the configuration options within the 'handle', the shaded area which pops up when hovering over the widget.  Clicking and holding the mouse on the blank part of the handle will allow you to drag the widget to the desired position.


The three key components of a Plasma desktop are:
<!--T:21-->
[[Image:Handle-new.png|300px|center]]


* '''The panel''', better known as task bar, which provides room for the application launcher, the list of tasks (programs), clock and system tray;
<!--T:22-->
* '''The desktop''', the area where widgets (icons and applets) reside;
You have four tools on this handle.  The top one is the re-sizer.  Click and drag on the tool to resize the widget.
* '''The Plasma toolbox''' in the upper right corner of the screen, better known as ''the cashew''. An analogous cashew is present on the panel.


=== Finding your way around Plasma ===
<!--T:23-->
The second tool is a rotate tool.  Again, click and hold the tool, while rotating to the desired angle.


You can use Plasma as you would use the desktop of any other operating system, by accessing the application menu (K Menu), viewing the currently active programs on the taskbar, accessing icons on the system tray, and so on.
<!--T:24-->
[[Image:Handle-new-rotate.png|300px|center]]


An important part of Plasma are the so-called widgets. Widgets are the individual units of the desktop and they include (although they are not limited to) the application menu, icons, the system tray, the clock...  Widgets can exist on the desktop itself, or be inserted in the panel. Panels and desktops are actually special kinds of widgets, meant to contain other widgets (in Plasma terms, they are called "Containments").


How does that relate with desktop usage? Plasma has also some new features with respect to traditional desktop usage. We have already mentioned the "cashews": those are the way to start interacting and customizing Plasma. By clicking on them, a menu will pop up on the screen with a variety of choices: from there you can add widgets to your panel or desktop, resize, add or remove panels, and other operations.
<!--T:25-->
The third is the wrench or spanner which allows you to configure that particular widget's settings.


=== Desktop and icons ===
<!--T:26-->
Finally, the fourth tool is the "expanded view" tool and is available only on widgets that support this feature, such as the Picture Frame or Web viewers. When clicked, the Picture Frame widget will, for example, open the currently viewed in an image viewer while the Web Slice widget will open the web page in a full web browser window.


As you may notice from the screenshot, there are no icons placed directly on the desktop. Instead, they are placed inside a container, better known as Folder View. Although there are a number of technical reasons for doing so, the Folder View can perfectly act as a desktop replacement (in fact, it shows the Desktop folder by default). You can drag icons over it, cut, copy, paste, rename files and also create new folders/files.
<!--T:27-->
A list of Plasma widgets with their own page can be found [[Special:myLanguage/Category:Widgets|here]], and some of our favourite widgets are discussed on ''[[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Plasmoids|the Plasma Widgets page]]''


The main differences from the usual Desktop folder are essentially two:
</translate><span id="Activities"></span><translate>


* You can have more than one Folder View on the desktop itself;
== Activities == <!--T:49-->
* You can set Folder View to show also different folders (both local and on the network).


Aside from the Folder View, you can put on the desktop all kinds of widgets, such as weather reporting widgets, notes widgets, file watchers... There are no limits on what you can customize.
<!--T:86-->
The icons shown in the screenshot have small buttons in the top right and bottom right. The small pause button in the top right prevents the activity from being included when switching through Activities using <keycap>Super + Tab</keycap>. It also opens up an "x" to delete the activity.  To change the names of the activities, look for the small wrench in the bottom right of the icon.  


=== Widgets everywhere ===
<!--T:81-->
[[Image:Activities-Plasma5.6.png|thumb|150px|left|Plasma Activity Explorer]]


In KDE 4 Plasma supports not only widgets written specifically for Plasma (also known as Plasmoids) but also ones from other sources such as Google Gadgets and Dashboard Widgets from Mac OSX. Additional widgets can easily be found and installed through [[Glossary#Get Hot New Stuff|Get Hot New Stuff]].
=== Use Cases === <!--T:54-->


Widgets that are docked into the panel usually have an Options menu, while those on the desktop have the configuration options within the 'handle', the shaded area which pops up, sometimes right or sometimes left of the widget.  Clicking and holding the mouse on the blank part of the handle will allow you to drag the widget to the desired position.
<!--T:55-->
A user likes web comics so they add their favorite web comics via the comics widget. The user now has a full desktop activity dedicated to their favorite web comics.  Now the user is happy with the web comics, but the user now has to go to work, so the user creates an activity with the folder view widgets set to the folders of the projects the user is currently working on.  After work the user goes home and works on a side project of writing romance novels.  The user always gains inspiration by looking at pictures of the user's significant other. The user now creates a new Activity but now puts pictures frame widgets with pictures of the user's significant other.  The user also has a folder view of the romance novel project folder.  Now no matter what the user is doing the user has a custom tailored activity to match it.


[[Image:Plasmoid-tools.png|300px|center]]
<!--T:56-->
Go to [http://hanswchen.wordpress.com/2009/11/17/how-do-you-use-activities/  this blog] to read a few tips on using activities. [http://chani.wordpress.com/category/activities/ Chanis blog] has a number of examples as well as screencasts about activities.


You have three tools on this handle.  The top one is the re-sizer.  Click and hold on the tool and you can drag the size.
== Widget Layouts and Virtual Desktops == <!--T:51-->


The second tool is a rotate tool. Again, click and hold the tool, while rotating to desired angle.
<!--T:52-->
Virtual desktops, the ability to have a separate sets of windows on separate desktops, can tie in with Activities. You can have a different activity on each virtual desktop. In Plasma Desktop 4.4, this can be configured by entering <menuchoice>System Settings</menuchoice> and navigating to <menuchoice>Desktop -> Multiple Desktops</menuchoice>, and checking <menuchoice>Different Activity for Each Desktop</menuchoice>.


[[Image:Rotate.png|150px|center]]
<!--T:53-->
In Plasma Desktop 4.3, You configure this by zooming out and choosing <menuchoice>configure Plasma</menuchoice>. Then select <menuchoice>use a different activity on each desktop</menuchoice> and zoom in again. <br clear=all/>


Finally, the wrench or spanner gives access to the controls applicable to that particular plasmoid.
==Hints and Tips== <!--T:57-->


Some of our favourite widgets are discussed on ''[[Plasma/Plasmoids|the Plasmoid page]]''
<!--T:90-->
There is subpage [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Tips|Plasma/Tips]] enumerating a lot of useful tips for Plasma.


=== The start menus ===
===Tweaking Plasma=== <!--T:64-->


Start menus etc.
<!--T:65-->
* Learn how to [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/TweakingPlasma#A_Windows_Vista-like_sidebar_with_clock_and_news|add a sidebar with clock and news]].


=== Panels ===
<!--T:66-->
* Customize your Plasma by [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/TweakingPlasma#Using_Multiple_Plasma_Themes|mixing multiple Plasma themes]].


What to do with panels, how to manipulate them, etc.
<!--T:87-->
* Learn how to [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Create_a_Look_and_Feel_Package | create a look and feel package]].


== Advanced usage ==
<!--T:88-->
* Learn how to [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/How to create a Unity-like look and feel theme using Plasma’s Desktop Scripting API|create a Unity-like look and feel theme using Plasma’s Desktop Scripting API]].


Special cases not covered here
<!--T:91-->
* Learn how to [[Special:myLanguage/Tutorials/Using_Other_Window_Managers_with_Plasma|change the default Window Manager in Plasma]].


=== Activities and the Zooming User Interface (ZUI) ===
===Reloading Plasma=== <!--T:77-->


KDE 4 has brought a lot of new features to the modern linux desktop, however many people are only using a fraction of the desktop's full potential. One of the most useful and underused features is the plasma activities. The basic idea behind is that your desktop space is limited to how many widgets it can hold. A user will want to use a lot of widgets but doesn't want their desktop to be cluttered. The answer to this problem is activities; they allow you to specialize each desktop to whatever task you need to accomplish. To make a new activity you have to click on the cashew in the upper right hand corner, from there click zoom out. The desktop will zoom out then click add new activity under the small desktop. It will make a new desktop right next to it. Now go click the zoom in button under the new desktop. With this desktop you can add whatever widgets to this desktop and it will not affect the other desktop.
<!--T:78-->
Sometimes you might want to reload Plasma, like right after changing system language so the changes takes effect, or because of a problem with the desktop. To do that, open a terminal(or [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Krunner|KRunner]]) and run these commands:


=== Use Cases ===
<!--T:79-->
{{Input|1=kstart5 plasmashell --replace}}


A user likes web comics so they add their favorite web comics via the comics widget. The user now has a full desktop activity dedicated to their favorite web comics.  Now the user is happy with the web comics, but the user now has to go to work, so the user creates a activity with the folder view widgets set to the folders of the projects the user is currently working on.  After work the user goes home and works on a side project of writing romance novels.  The user always gains inspiration by looking at pictures of the user's significant other. The user now creates a new Activity but now puts pictures frame widgets with pictures of the user's significant other.  The user also has a folder view of the romance novel project folder.  Now no matter what the user is doing the user has a custom tailored activity to match it. 
== More Information == <!--T:67-->


== Further information ==
<!--T:68-->
* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/FAQ/Index | The Plasma FAQ's]]
* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/HowTo/Index | Plasma HowTo's - short screencasts]]
* [[Special:myLanguage/Glossary | Glossary]]
* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Plasmoids| Some of our favourite plamoids]] - why not add yours?
* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Installing Plasmoids|Here's how to install more Plasmas widgets]]
* [[Special:myLanguage/Plasma/Krunner|Learn the versatility of KRunner]]


* [[Plasma/FAQ | The Plasma FAQ]]
* [[Plasma/FAQ/HowTo | Plasma HowTo - short screencasts]]
* [[Glossary | Glossary]]


<!--T:69-->
{|style="text-align:right"
{|style="text-align:right"
|'''Back to [[An_introduction_to_KDE|the Introduction page''']]
|'''Back to [[Special:myLanguage/An_introduction_to_KDE|the Introduction page''']]
|}
|}


[[Category:Desktop]]
<!--T:70-->
[[Category:Plasma]]
</translate>

Latest revision as of 00:28, 21 December 2022

Other languages:

At A Glance

Plasma is the KDE workspace. Actually it is a technology that can adapt to many types of devices. Currently there are two varieties of Plasma: The Plasma Desktop environment which is the focus of the majority of our pages and Plasma Mobile, the new cool environment for pads and smartphones. The Plasma Netbook environment was removed in KDE Plasma 5 and replaced with the Application Dashboard menu.

A typical Plasma desktop looks like this:

The four key components of a default Plasma desktop are:

  • The panel, sometimes referred to as "the task bar", it provides room for the application launcher, the list of windows (programs), clock and system tray;
  • The desktop, the area where widgets and icons reside;
  • The folder view, a widget that lists the content of a folder on your computer, giving you quick access to basic file management tasks;
  • The Plasma toolbox This is located at the top left of the screen as well as at end of the panel. These are used to access configuration and other options quickly and reliably.

All of these default items are fully configurable and can host a wide variety of tools and content.

The Plasma Desktop FAQ

A "Frequent Asked Questions" for the current version of the Plasma Desktop is maintained on this page. It provides succinct answers to common questions as well as links to FAQs for older versions.

Finding your way around Plasma

You can use Plasma as you would use the desktop of any other operating system, by accessing the application launcher, viewing the currently active programs on the taskbar, accessing icons on the system tray, and so on.

An important part of Plasma are the "widgets". Widgets are the individual units of the desktop and they include (although they are not limited to) the application menu, icons, the system tray, the clock, etc. Widgets can exist on the desktop itself, or be inserted into the panel, on the screen saver or on the dashboard among other places. Widgets exist for a large number of tasks besides usual desktop helpers, including microblogging (Twitter, identi.ca), unit conversion calculators, weather forecasts, file sharing and much more. Panels and desktops are also special kinds of widgets themselves, meant to contain other widgets.

How does that relate with desktop usage? Plasma has some new features with respect to traditional desktop usage. We have already mentioned the Plasma toolboxes: those are the way to start interacting and customizing your Plasma Desktop. By clicking on them, a menu will pop up on the screen with a variety of choices: from there you can add widgets to your panel or desktop, resize, add or remove panels, change the wallpaper and other operations.

Folder Views

As you may notice in the screenshot above, there are no icons placed directly on the desktop. Instead, they are placed inside a container called a "Folder View". By default, the Folder View shows the Desktop folder and allows you to drag files to it, open them, cut, copy, paste, rename files and also create new folders/files.

You can have more than one Folder View on the desktop, and they can also be placed in panels. You can set Folder View to show any folder, local or remote, you have access to. Each Folder View can be moved and resized independently to your preference.

Folder View can also be set as the default full-screen desktop background for a more traditional "icons scattered on the desktop" layout.

Panels

Panels allow you to place widgets around the edges of the screen. These collections of widgets can be configured in various ways, including making them automatically hide when not in use or aligned to certain areas of the screen.

By default, there is one panel at the bottom of the screen, but you can add more panels, move and otherwise configure the default panel and remove panels you no longer want. The widgets in all of the panels may also be adjusted to your liking.

For more information on configuring panels in Plasma Desktop and what they are capable of doing for you, visit the Plasma Panels page.

Latte Dock is an alternative panel.

Widgets

Plasma Widgets

Plasma supports widgets written specifically for Plasma (also known as Plasmoids) as well as widgets from other sources such as Google Gadgets, Superkaramba and some Dashboard Widgets from Mac OSX. Additional widgets can easily be found and installed through Get Hot New Stuff.

To see the widgets that are installed on your system and ready to use open the Plasma Widget Explorer by either

  • opening the Desktop Toolbox in the upper right corner of the screen and selecting Add Widgets,
  • opening the Panel Toolbox furthest to the right in the Panel and selecting Add Widgets, or
  • right clicking on the Desktop and choosing Add Widgets from the context menu.

To place a widget on the Desktop simply drag it from the Widget Explorer to the Desktop. To place a widget in the panel first open the Panel Toolbox and from there open the Widget Explorer (click Add Widgets), locate the widget you wish to add and drag it to the desired position in the Panel.

Note

You can not add widgets if they are locked. Open the Desktop Toolbox or the Panel Toolbox or right click on the Desktop - if you see an item labeled Unlock Widgets then select that, and then proceed to add widgets to your Desktop or your Panel.


When you are done adding widgets you might want to lock widgets again: Open a Toolbox or the Desktop context menu and click Lock Widgets.


Widgets that are docked into a panel usually have an Options menu, while those on the desktop have the configuration options within the 'handle', the shaded area which pops up when hovering over the widget. Clicking and holding the mouse on the blank part of the handle will allow you to drag the widget to the desired position.

You have four tools on this handle. The top one is the re-sizer. Click and drag on the tool to resize the widget.

The second tool is a rotate tool. Again, click and hold the tool, while rotating to the desired angle.


The third is the wrench or spanner which allows you to configure that particular widget's settings.

Finally, the fourth tool is the "expanded view" tool and is available only on widgets that support this feature, such as the Picture Frame or Web viewers. When clicked, the Picture Frame widget will, for example, open the currently viewed in an image viewer while the Web Slice widget will open the web page in a full web browser window.

A list of Plasma widgets with their own page can be found here, and some of our favourite widgets are discussed on the Plasma Widgets page

Activities

The icons shown in the screenshot have small buttons in the top right and bottom right. The small pause button in the top right prevents the activity from being included when switching through Activities using Super + Tab. It also opens up an "x" to delete the activity. To change the names of the activities, look for the small wrench in the bottom right of the icon.

Plasma Activity Explorer

Use Cases

A user likes web comics so they add their favorite web comics via the comics widget. The user now has a full desktop activity dedicated to their favorite web comics. Now the user is happy with the web comics, but the user now has to go to work, so the user creates an activity with the folder view widgets set to the folders of the projects the user is currently working on. After work the user goes home and works on a side project of writing romance novels. The user always gains inspiration by looking at pictures of the user's significant other. The user now creates a new Activity but now puts pictures frame widgets with pictures of the user's significant other. The user also has a folder view of the romance novel project folder. Now no matter what the user is doing the user has a custom tailored activity to match it.

Go to this blog to read a few tips on using activities. Chanis blog has a number of examples as well as screencasts about activities.

Widget Layouts and Virtual Desktops

Virtual desktops, the ability to have a separate sets of windows on separate desktops, can tie in with Activities. You can have a different activity on each virtual desktop. In Plasma Desktop 4.4, this can be configured by entering System Settings and navigating to Desktop -> Multiple Desktops, and checking Different Activity for Each Desktop.

In Plasma Desktop 4.3, You configure this by zooming out and choosing configure Plasma. Then select use a different activity on each desktop and zoom in again.

Hints and Tips

There is subpage Plasma/Tips enumerating a lot of useful tips for Plasma.

Tweaking Plasma

Reloading Plasma

Sometimes you might want to reload Plasma, like right after changing system language so the changes takes effect, or because of a problem with the desktop. To do that, open a terminal(or KRunner) and run these commands: 

kstart5 plasmashell --replace

More Information


Back to the Introduction page
Retrieved from "https://userbase.kde.org/index.php?title=Plasma&oldid=475864"