Glossary/zh-cn: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 05:30, 9 June 2010
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这个页面提供了非技术性的参考，同时带有指向更详细资料或解释的链接。
概述
KDE 4.0 图形指南 和 4.1 视频 给了早期的KDE软件汇集（Software Compilation 简称SC）4一个极好的概述。
以下的词汇打算帮你穿越新名称和新概念的迷雾。在有些情况下，你能找到KDE3组件到与他对等的关联的KDE SC 4软件的链接。
- 活动
- 活动（Activities）是一系列拥有自己壁纸的Plasma部件。有点类似 虚拟桌面，但不完全是。（译者注：虚拟桌面变的是程序窗口，活动变的是窗口的背景-桌面，比如说壁纸，图标，部件）
- 比如你有一个「工作活动」： 带有rss订阅信息，你的一份TODO笔记，一个带有与你工作有关文件的文件夹视图和一幅微妙的壁纸。
- 在他旁边,你还有另一个「空闲时间活动」，带着家庭照片和狗照片的预览，你最爱的博客的rss订阅信息，一个展示你的电影收藏的文件夹视图，一个twitter小部件,当然还有从80年代初喜爱至今的铁娘子乐队(Iron Maiden)的壁纸。
- 在17：00整点的时候你从「工作活动」切换到「空闲时间活动」中。
- 更多信息:
- Akonadi
- 为KDE SC 4中所有的PIM (Personal Information Manager 个人信息管理套件)数据设计的数据存储访问机制。单一的存储和检索系统带来了KDE3时无法给与的效率和可扩展性，KDE3下每个PIM组件都是有各自的系统。注意采用Akonadi并不会改变数据的存储格式 (vcard, iCalendar, mbox, maildir 等.) - 它只是提供一种访问和更新数据的新方式。
- 设计开发Akonadi的主要原因是技术方面，例如从不同的程序（例如kmail，kword。。）用一种统一的方式访问PIM数据（联系人，日程表，emails。。。），因此无需到处编写类似的代码。
- 另一个目标是将图形程序像是kmail从直接访问外部资源比如mail-servers（邮件服务器）中脱离 - 这是过去有关性能/响应（performance/responsiveness）的bug回报/愿望的主要原因。
- aRts
- KDE 2和3的声音框架。他的单任务特性在两个声源遭遇时会引起问题。Plasma桌面中被 Phonon 取代。
- 更多信息:
- 容器
- 容器（Containment）是部件(widget)的顶层组合。每个容器管理他的与其他容器独立的一系列部件的布局和配置数据。
- 最终结果是你能根据对你工作模式的意义来组合多个部件到一个容器内，而不是根据目录分组。
- D-Bus
- 一个服务间的消息系统(inter-service messaging system)。由RedHat开发，深受KDE3的DCOP系统的影响而且在KDE4中取代DCOP。
- Dolphin
- KDE SC 4的默认文件管理器。他拥有侧边面板，导航主要依靠主窗口上的「面包屑（breadcrumb）」路径。支持拆分窗口，视图可以单独应用到个别的窗口。可以在侧边面板中挂载和卸载USB设备。其他目录也能添加到「地址」面板。树形结构视图也有提供。
- 更多信息:
- 扩展
- 扩展（Extenders）是一类特殊的从例如Plasma面板伸长出来的弹出物（伸长这词好糟糕啊）。扩展有可拆分部分。扩展是 KDE SC 4.2 引入 Plasma 的新概念。「通知」已经使用这一系统。比如在用户下载任务或文件复制任务时启用追踪任务进度。这也会用于其他各种通知。
- 更多信息:
- Flake
- Flake是应用在KOffice2上的编程函数库（programming library）。功能上，它提供用来显示内容「形状（Shapes）」和操作内容的工具。形状可以缩放或旋转，可以组合多个形状成单个形状，可以围绕形状制作文本流（text flow）。
- 更多信息:
- 获得百宝箱
- 获得百宝箱（Get Hot New Stuff，简称GHNS）是个开放的标准，使得使用者能容易的下载和安装各种程序的扩展。我们的GHNS实现被应用在Plasma中（举例来说像获得新的桌面主题），以及很多应用程序和部件。
- 更多信息:
- Home目录(主文件夹)
- 这是系统内存放你所有文件的地方。 你可以在这个文件夹之外存放文件，但是所有的程序都设置成建议保存文件到这个文件夹内。保存东西在这更容易些。
- 更多信息:
- KControl
- 在KDE 3中控制中心（KDE Control Center）用作设置全局性偏好。在 KDE4中被系统设置界面取代。
- KHTML
- KHTML 是KDE Plasma桌面的HTML渲染引擎，被使用在Konqueror浏览器中。它也提供一个KPart以使得所有的KDE程序都能显示网页内容。新的引进，Qt Webkit也能用于Plasma和其他程序的开发。
- Kickoff
- 在KDE SC 4（和一些KDE 3新版）里，一个其中的程序按照功能分类的启动菜单。「收藏夹」替换了经典菜单中的「用的最多的程序」,程序可以添加进去。右击同样提供可选项添加程序到桌面上或是面板上。快速访问一个很少用的程序可以使用搜索框。其他的菜单还在开发中，因为在KDE SC 4里可以使用多个启动器，如果需要的话。
- 更多信息:
- KJS
- KDE平台的JavaScript引擎。
- KDE信息中心
- KDE信息中心（KInfoCenter）最初作为Kcontrol的一部分，直到KDE 3.1独立出来。KDE SC 4 中直到 4.4，他被系统设置中的设置模块取代，特别是Solid，在 KDE SC 4.5 中将作为单独的一个程序重新引入。
- 更多信息:
- KIO
- KDE输入/输出框架，为操作文件（不管是本地或是远程服务器）提供了一个单独的API。此外，KIO Slaves 还为个别协议提供支持。一些尤其有用的协议是http，ftp，sftp，smb, nfs，ssh (fish)，man，tar和zip。
- Kiosk
- Kiosk is a framework for restricting user capabilities on a KDE platform system, ideal for use in locked-down environments such as Internet cafés. It is present in KDE 3 and KDE 4, but the adminisration tool, Kiosktool is KDE 3 only. It can be used to configure KDE 4 apps, or kiosk configurations can be maintained by editing config files manually.
- KPart
- A KPart is an individual component of the KDE Plasma desktop and allows applications to share their services with other applications. KParts allow KMail and KOrganizer to integrate (as plugins) into the Kontact suite, or KHTML to display sites in Akregator.
- Kross
- Kross is a scripting framework, enabling support for multiple scripting languages. A plugin system allows for the support of further languages in the future.
- KRunner
- The mini-command-line that is accessed from the Classic menu, the keyboard shortcut Alt+F2, or a right-click on the desktop. In KDE SC 4 a partial name will display all possible matches
- More info:
- KSVG
- KSVG enables support for scalable vector graphics in a KHTML browser. KSVG2 extends this for KDE SC 4.
- KWin
- KWin is the window manager. This is where window decorations can be changed and themes applied. KDE SC 4 extends KWin to provide support for 3D Compositing effects on the desktop.
- More info:
- Mini-CLI
- See KRunner
- Nepomuk
- 'Networked Environment for Personalized, Ontology-based Management of Unified Knowledge', Nepomuk aims to remove artificial barriers between information to allow dynamic classification, organisation and presentation of data to the user. Whether downloaded from the internet, received in an email or scribbled in a note, information is globally searchable and tagged with intelligent data. See The Semantic Desktop for further discussion of this concept.
- More info:
- Oxygen
- Oxygen is the default theme of KDE SC 4. Designed to bring 'a breath of fresh air' to the desktop by removing the simplistic, cartoonish icons, and replacing them with a clean theme and photo-realistic icons. Oxygen uses a desaturated palette to avoid the icons becoming a distraction and uses detailed scalable graphics (SVG).
- More info:
- Pager
- A pager is a small program or panel applet which shows the position of windows on your desktop and usually, if you have several Virtual Desktops, gives an overview over all.
- Panel
- See Kicker. In KDE SC 4 the name 'kicker' is dropped, and the name 'panel' is the norm. 'Applets' are largely replaced by Widgets
- Phonon
- A cross-platform multimedia API, interfacing with existing frameworks, such as gstreamer and xine engines. KDE 2 and 3 depended on aRts for sound. Phonon replaces it.
- More info:
- Plasma
- In KDE SC 4 the Plasma Desktop replaces KDesktop, kicker and the superkaramba widget engine. The applets are called Plasmoids, and range from informational widgets to mini-apps such as a calculator or dictionary. Widgets from other sources, such as SuperKaramba widgets or Google Gadgets are also supported.
- More info:
- Qt
- (Pronounced 'cute') A framework/toolkit for writing cross-platform applications. It is used by many cross-platform applications such as Opera browser, GoogleEarth and Skype. Qt is developed by Trolltech, who are now part of the Nokia company. Qt forms the underlying library KDE software is built on.
- More info:
- Solid
- Solid provides a single API for hardware management. Hardware is grouped into 'domains'. The initial domains relate to HAL, NetworkManager and the Bluetooth stack.Since the backends for Solid are pluggable, Solid helps application developers write less code, and have it platform independent.
- Soprano
- Soprano is a sub-project of Nepomuk, providing a repository for gathered information such as tags, ratings, etc.. This makes the information available to Strigi
- Strigi
- A deep-indexed search daemon, Strigi aims to be fast and light-weight. It also uses SHA-1 hash which will help in the identification of duplicate files.
- System Settings
- KDE SC 4's replacement for KControl (Control Center) providing modular control over the KDE platform.
- More info:
- Threadweaver
- This thread programming library spreads work among multiple-core processors where available, prioritising them before queueing them for execution. ThreadWeaver provides a high-level job interface for multithreaded programming.
- More info:
- Virtual Desktops
- A popular concept of Unix based window managers is the one of virtual desktops. This means you have not only one screen where you can place your windows on but several. When you switch to a different desktop (usually with a pager) you will only see the windows which you started on your new desktop or moved to it. A window can also be made "sticky" which means it appears on all virtual desktops.
- WebKit
- HTML rendering engine, originating from a fork of KHTML. Adopted by Apple and developed for Safari. Webkit brings the whole functionality back to KDE SC 4, where it is available through Qt.
- More info:
- Widget
- Collins English Dictionary: "Any small mechanism or device the name of which is unknown or temporarily forgotten." In KDE software terms, a widget is a single component on the canvas. Other common names that are analogous are "applet" or "gadget". Superkaramba Themes, Apple's Dashboard, Google Gadgets, Yahoo Widgets, Vista Sidebar Widgets, Opera Widgets are all examples of other widget systems (some of which are supported by Plasma as well).
- X-Server
- The X-Server represents a basic layer upon which the various GUIs like the KDE Plasma desktop are built. It manages the basic mouse and keyboard input (from the local host as well as from remote hosts) and provides elementary graphic routines to draw rectangles and other primitives.
- XMLGUI
- A programmers' framework for designing the user interface. It is extensively used by KParts
- More info:
- ZUI
- The Zooming User Interface. "By zooming out, users can get an overview of all the object groupings that they have made. These groupings may reflect the projects they are working on, be ways to keep different sets of files organized, etc. By hovering or clicking on one of these groups when zoomed out, users can either get a preview/snapshot of what is in the grouping, or zoom in on that grouping so that it is displayed full size on the physical screen." aseigo.
- More info:
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